Attempting to compile and link the following code with a default build of 1.36 on OS X 10.5.4 (Intel) 

// test.cpp
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

//#include <boost/system/error_code.hpp>
//#include <boost/system/system_error.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>

int main (int argc, char * const argv[]) 
{
    boost::filesystem::create_directory("blah");

    return 0;
}

results in a linker error, even though the method in question is defined inline in <boost/system/error_code.hpp> :

Undefined symbols:
  "boost::system::error_code::message() const", referenced from:
      boost::system::system_error::what() constin ccyMBSNr.o
ld: symbol(s) not found
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

This is reproducible both from a clean XCode 3.0 project and from the command line :

gcc test.cpp -I/usr/local/include -I .. -L/usr/local/lib -lboost_filesystem-xgcc40-mt -lboost_system-xgcc40-mt -lstdc++

Uncommenting the explicit includes doesn't help, either. This is a weird one...

Matthias