#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

struct noisy_string {
    string buf;

    noisy_string (const char* str) : buf (str) {
        cout << "noisy_string::ctor: " << *this << endl;
    }

    noisy_string (const noisy_string& d) : buf (d.buf) {
        cout << "noisy_string::copy ctor: " << *this << endl;
    }

    ~noisy_string () {
        cout << "noisy_string::dtor: " << *this << endl;
    }

    noisy_string& operator= (const noisy_string& d) {
        if (this != &d)
            buf = d.buf;
        cout << "noisy_string::op=: " << *this << endl;
        return *this;
    }

    friend ostream& operator<< (ostream& os, const noisy_string& d)
        { os << (void*) &d << ": " << d.buf; return os; }
};

noisy_string
answer ()
{
    noisy_string d ("forty-two");
    return d;
}

int main (int argc, char* argv[])
{
    noisy_string i = answer ();
}