November 2011 - Boost - lists.boost.org

[BGL] map_as_graph.hpp
by Shaun Jackman 05 Nov '11

05 Nov '11

Hi, In the spirit of vector_as_graph.hpp, I created map_as_graph.hpp. One useful feature is that the vertex_descriptor can be any user-defined type, such as a string or an arbitrary object. It's not in a form that's ready to be included in Boost, but I have found it occasionally useful. I though I'd post it in the case that someone else found it useful. If someone found it useful enough that he or she where interested in further developing to the point where it could be included in Boost, please be my guest. Cheers, Shaun #ifndef MAP_AS_GRAPH_HPP #define MAP_AS_GRAPH_HPP 1 #include <boost/graph/graph_traits.hpp> #include <cassert> #include <map> #include <utility> // for make_pair namespace boost { /** * A std::map is a model of a directed graph. * @author Shaun Jackman <sjackman(a)gmail.com> */ template <typename V, typename T> struct graph_traits<std::map<V, T> > { // Graph typedef V vertex_descriptor; typedef boost::directed_tag directed_category; struct traversal_category : boost::adjacency_graph_tag, boost::vertex_list_graph_tag { }; typedef boost::disallow_parallel_edge_tag edge_parallel_category; // IncidenceGraph typedef std::pair<vertex_descriptor, vertex_descriptor> edge_descriptor; typedef size_t degree_size_type; /** Iterate through the out edges of a vertex. */ struct out_edge_iterator : std::map<V, typename T::mapped_type>::const_iterator { typedef typename std::map<V, typename T::mapped_type>::const_iterator It; out_edge_iterator(const It& it, vertex_descriptor src) : It(it), m_src(src) { } edge_descriptor operator*() const { return edge_descriptor(m_src, It::operator*().first); } private: vertex_descriptor m_src; }; // BidirectionalGraph typedef void in_edge_iterator; // AdjacencyGraph /** Iterate through the adjacent vertices of a vertex. */ struct adjacency_iterator : std::map<V, typename T::mapped_type>::const_iterator { typedef typename std::map<V, typename T::mapped_type>::const_iterator It; adjacency_iterator(const It& it) : It(it) { } const vertex_descriptor& operator*() const { return It::operator*().first; } }; // VertexListGraph /** Iterate through the vertices of this graph. */ struct vertex_iterator : std::map<V, T>::const_iterator { typedef typename std::map<V, T>::const_iterator It; vertex_iterator(const It& it) : It(it) { } const vertex_descriptor& operator*() const { return It::operator*().first; } }; typedef size_t vertices_size_type; // EdgeListGraph typedef void edge_iterator; typedef void edges_size_type; }; // graph_traits<std::map> // IncidenceGraph template <typename V, typename T> std::pair< typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::out_edge_iterator, typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::out_edge_iterator> out_edges( typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::vertex_descriptor u, const std::map<V, T>& g) { typedef typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::out_edge_iterator out_edge_iterator; typename std::map<V, T>::const_iterator it = g.find(u); assert(it != g.end()); return make_pair( out_edge_iterator(it->second.begin(), u), out_edge_iterator(it->second.end(), u)); } template <typename V, typename T> typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::degree_size_type out_degree( typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::vertex_descriptor u, const std::map<V, T>& g) { typename std::map<V, T>::const_iterator it = g.find(u); assert(it != g.end()); return it->second.size(); } // AdjacencyGraph template <typename V, typename T> std::pair<typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::adjacency_iterator, typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::adjacency_iterator> adjacent_vertices( typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::vertex_descriptor u, const std::map<V, T>& g) { typename std::map<V, T>::const_iterator it = g.find(u); assert(it != g.end()); return make_pair(it->second.begin(), it->second.end()); } // VertexListGraph template <typename V, typename T> std::pair<typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::vertex_iterator, typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::vertex_iterator> vertices(const std::map<V, T>& g) { return make_pair(g.begin(), g.end()); } // AdjacencyMatrix template <typename V, typename T> std::pair< typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::edge_descriptor, bool> edge( typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::vertex_descriptor u, typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::vertex_descriptor v, std::map<V, T>& g) { typename std::map<V, T>::const_iterator it = g.find(u); return std::make_pair(make_pair(u, v), it == g.end() ? false : it->second.count(v) > 0); } // VertexMutableGraph template <typename V, typename T> void remove_vertex( typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::vertex_descriptor u, std::map<V, T>& g) { size_t n = g.erase(u); assert(n == 1); (void)n; } // EdgeMutableGraph template <typename V, typename T> void clear_out_edges( typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::vertex_descriptor u, std::map<V, T>& g) { typename std::map<V, T>::iterator it = g.find(u); assert(it != g.end()); it->second.clear(); } template <typename V, typename T> std::pair< typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::edge_descriptor, bool> add_edge( typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::vertex_descriptor u, typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::vertex_descriptor v, std::map<V, T>& g) { typename edge_property<std::map<V, T> >::type ep; return make_pair(std::make_pair(u, v), g[u].insert(make_pair(v, ep)).second); } template <typename V, typename T> void remove_edge( typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::vertex_descriptor u, typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::vertex_descriptor v, std::map<V, T>& g) { size_t n = g[u].erase(v); assert(n == 1); (void)n; } // PropertyGraph template <typename V, typename T> no_property get(vertex_bundle_t, const std::map<V, T>&, typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::vertex_descriptor) { return no_property(); } template <typename V, typename T> const typename T::mapped_type& get(edge_bundle_t, const std::map<V, T>& g, typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::edge_descriptor e) { typename std::map<V, T>::const_iterator u = g.find(source(e, g)); assert(u != g.end()); typename T::const_iterator v = u->second.find(target(e, g)); assert(v != u->second.end()); return v->second; } // MutablePropertyGraph namespace boost { template <typename V, typename T> class vertex_property<std::map<V, T> > { public: typedef no_property type; }; template <typename V, typename T> class edge_property<std::map<V, T> > { public: typedef typename T::mapped_type type; }; } template <typename V, typename T> std::pair< typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::edge_descriptor, bool> add_edge( typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::vertex_descriptor u, typename graph_traits<std::map<V, T> >::vertex_descriptor v, typename edge_property<std::map<V, T> >::type ep, std::map<V, T>& g) { return make_pair(std::make_pair(u, v), g[u].insert(std::make_pair(v, ep)).second); } } // namespace boost #endif

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Remembering that T(a) can cause dangerous conversion like a C-style cast
by Kazutoshi Satoda 04 Nov '11

04 Nov '11

An essential question: Should boost::lambda::constructor<int>()("") compiles? It does compile with Boost 1.47.0 . But I think it shouldn't. I have crafted a general replacement of T(a) as a workaround for dangerous conversions caused by T(a) which may happen in some kinds of templates. http://ideone.com/iZE1Z unary_initialized<T>(a).value And I thought of that the above workaround (or something similar) may be suitable to be provided within boost::initialized . Now I want to share the idea and to hear interests or evaluations in the community about such extension and underlying issues, before starting further acts. Here is the background story: A while ago, I had a conversation about dangerous conversion that can be caused by the following expression with variadic templates in C++11. T(std::forward<Args>(args)...) This expression is meant to obtain a prvalue of type T which is direct initialized from any given argument list. But if a single argument was given, this becomes T(std::forward<Arg>(arg)) and further, for example, may become int("") and compiles as reinterpret_cast which is likely unexpected. Here is a relevant quote from the standard 5.2.3 p1: > ... If the expression list is a single expression, the type conversion > expression is equivalent (in definedness, and if defined in meaning) to > the corresponding cast expression (5.4). ... (Note: 5.2.3 describes the behavior of T(a), and 5.4 describes the behavior of (T)a.) To avoid the unexpected conversion, I first proposed use of T{...} . But it is not a perfect solution because it changes the meaning in some cases like std::vector<int> . After that, I crafted a tricky workaround. http://ideone.com/FLoDk pack_initialized<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...).value The above story was about C++11. But it revealed that similar dangerous conversion can be also formed in C++98, C++03 as T(a) in some kinds of templates. Searching in the boost directory (trunk r75213), I found some occurrences of the problem: boost/lambda/construct.hpp:37: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_47_0/boost/lambda/construct.hpp return T(a1); boost/xpressive/regex_actions.hpp:632: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_47_0/boost/xpressive/regex_actions.hpp return T(a0); As shown in the top of this message, I picked boost::lambda::constructor as a concrete example, and verified that the problem really exists in the wild. Thinking more, I wonder why such dangerous conversion was explicitly injected to T(a) in the first place. I first thought of some C-compatibility issues. But now I think it cannot be, because T(a) is a new construct in C++. Is it possible to remove this dangerous conversion path in a future revision of the standard? Perhaps I should go to comp.std.c++ about the last question. -- k_satoda

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[release][1.48] Several merge requests
by Daniel James 04 Nov '11

04 Nov '11

Hi, Please can I merge the following changes: This prevents standard containers from being forward declared for gcc's 'profile' mode: https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/changeset/75016 Trivial change to improve a couple of quickbook warnings (obviously not vital, but simple enough): https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/changeset/75088 In unordered, avoid using a name that clashes with a macro defined by a header included from ASIO: https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/changeset/75123 Missing html redirect, fixes some links to Boost.Move (documentation change): https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/changeset/75141 Unordered wasn't working on gcc 4.7 in c++0x mode because of changes to std::pair's constructor. Unfortunately, the gcc 4.7 tester hasn't run since this change and I don't have access to it, so I haven't verified that it fixes the problem. But it does work fine on everything it has been tested with. https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/changeset/75158 This stops using a hack on Visual C++ which was breaking for certain versions (although it didn't show up on any tester). But this is moving from a hacky implementation to a slightly less capable but more reliable implementation, so I think it's a good change regardless. https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/changeset/75167 thanks, Daniel

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"Best so far" for C level i/o of Unicode text with Windows console
by Alf P. Steinbach 04 Nov '11

04 Nov '11

This may be of interest to developers of Boost libraries that deal with text. I found that the Visual C++ implementation of the C library i/o generally does not support console input of international characters. It can deal with narrow character input from the current codepage, if that codepage is not UTF-8. For example: <code> #include <stdio.h> int main() { printf( "? " ); char buffer[80]; scanf( "%s", buffer ); printf( "%s\n", buffer ); } </code> <result> d:\dev\test> chcp 1252 Active code page: 1252 d:\dev\test> utf8test ? abcæøå abcæøå d:\dev\test> chcp 65001 Active code page: 65001 d:\dev\test> utf8test ? abcæøå ��, d:\dev\test> _ </result> I placed a comment about this at the blog of Microsoft's Unicode guru Michael Kaplan, http://blogs.msdn.com/b/michkap/archive/2008/03/18/8306597.aspx In particular, with active codepage 65001 (UTF-8), functions such as wscanf just fail outright on non-ASCII characters. The IMO best compromise that I have managed to come up with is a kind of hybrid, where the active input codepage is set to 1252, Windows ANSI Western, because that's a superset of Latin 1 which is a subset of Unicode. Output is converted to UTF-8. Input from e.g. a file accepts UTF-8. This means that e.g. Norwegian text can be input interactively (restricted to Latin 1 character set) or from a pipe or file (as UTF-8) without problems, and can be automatically translated (by the C i/o level) to UTF-16 encoding inside the program. However, I'm guessing that the C level input will garble e.g. Russian text no matter what one does, if one desires some Unicode based encoding inside the program. The Windows and Visual C++ support is just full of bugs -- e.g. as the crash of `more` showed in an earlier thread. Initialization of streams for the compromize scheme: static void msvcCompatibleInit() { struct Fix { static void mode( FILE* f, char const errorText[] ) { int const fileNo = _fileno( f ); bool const isConsoleInput = (f == stdin && _isatty( fileNo )); if( isConsoleInput ) { // Bytes are received as per the active codepage in the console. // Except if that active codepage is 65001, in which case non-ASCII // characters fail. Also, _setmode just causes non-ASCII fail. // // Setting the console codepage to 1252 might be practically helpful, // since cp 1252, Windows ANSI Western, is a superset of Latin 1 // which is a subset of Unicode. However, non-Latin 1 characters will // then be incorrect, just as with web pages in the old days. } else { int const newMode = _setmode( fileNo, _O_U8TEXT ); hopefully( newMode != -1 ) || throwX( errorText ); } } }; Fix::mode( stdin, "_setmode stdin failed" ); Fix::mode( stdout, "_setmode stdout failed" ); Fix::mode( stderr, "_setmode stderr failed" ); } Cheers & hth., - Alf

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[interprocess] message_queue hangs when another process dies
by Sergei Politov 03 Nov '11

03 Nov '11

Hi, I have found the following problem with message_queue on win32 (MSVC 2008 + Windows Vista). Suppose we have 2 processes, one sends messages to queue, another reads them. When reading process dies (for instance using End process) during message_queue.receive the another process hangs in send. As I found during investigation, it tries to lock interprocess mutex, but it is already locked by dead process. So this message queue instance becomes unusable. I attached the example. Steps to reproduce: 1) Start "mq.exe s" (i.e. with argument s) It outs: sender: $PID 2) Start mq.exe without arguments. It outs: receiver: $PID 0 1 2 3 4 This time sender outs: send done: 3) At this point the message queue is empty and receiver waits for messages. End it with Task Manager. 4) Enter some number in sender console and press Enter. 5) The sender hangs in message_queue.send Best Regards, Sergei

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[Boost.Endian] Review Results
by joel falcou 03 Nov '11

03 Nov '11

Hi everyone, after some delay, here is the result of the review of Beman Dawes' Boost.Endian library. First, I want to thanks all participants of the review that lead to very deep and interesting discussions on the matter. 5 votes were cast : 2 unconditionally in favor, 3 conditionally in favor after changes made and there is a mini-review. The verdict is that Boost.Endian is **CONDITIONNALY ACCEPTED** Here is what needs to be done to get the library ready for a mini-review: * Common use case scenarios should be developed. * Example programs should be developed for the common use case scenarios. * Documentation should illuminate the differences between endian integer/float type and endian conversion approaches to the common use case scenarios, and provide guidelines for choosing the most appropriate approach in user's applications. * Conversion functions supplying results via return should be provided. * Platform specific performance enhancements such as use of compiler intrinsics or relaxed alignment requirements should be supported. * Endian integer (and floating) types should be implemented via the conversion functions. If that can't be done efficiently, consideration should be given to expanding the conversion function signatures to resolve the inefficiencies. * Benchmarks that measure performance should be provided. It should be possible to compare platform specific performance enhancements against portable base implementations, and to compare endian integer approaches against endian conversion approaches for the common use case scenarios. * Float (32-bits) and double (64-bits) should be supported. IEEE 754 is the primary use case. * Support for user defined types (UDTs) is desirable, and should be provided where there would be no conflict with the other concerns. * There is some concern that endian integer/float arithmetic operations might used inadvertently or inappropriately. The impact of adding an endian_buffer class without arithmetic operations should be investigated. * Stream insertion and extraction of the endian integer/float types should be documented and included in the test coverage. * Binary I/O support that was investigated during development of the Endian library should be put up for mini-review for inclusion in the Boost I/O library. From this point, I will let Beman prepare Endian for the mini-review and I already volunteer to manage the mini-review so informations are not scattered around. Regards

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[tree] more questions (was: [tree] associative containers)
by Cromwell Enage 03 Nov '11

03 Nov '11

From: Erik Erlandson > I'm not entirely sure about the relative merits of that versus defining > a parallel zoology of Hierarchical Containers that is basically > isomorphic to the traditional Container hierarchy, and leaving the > cursor definition more lightweight: perhaps just "iterator plus > parent(), begin() and end()", or alternatively not having a separate > cursor type, and simply having traditional iterators over children at > any given node. I'm curious as to what tree algorithms can take better advantage of the cursor interface as-is. Also: * What are the primary differences between a plain hierarchy and a multiway hierarchy? * Why shouldn't one assume that an on-top cursor is dereferenceable? TIA, Cromwell D. Enage

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[tree] associative containers
by Cromwell Enage 03 Nov '11

03 Nov '11

I've been studying the tree proposal to see how I could write adaptors in my tree_node library (now at version 0.2 in the sandbox) that conform to the current concepts. Is there anything in the proposal that is analogous to a PairAssociativeContainer? My tree_node library defines an AssociativeTreeNode concept and a couple of models that I've found to be useful, e.g. for implementing decision tree learning algorithms. Cromwell D. Enage

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[1.48][math] Permission to merge to release branch
by John Maddock 03 Nov '11

03 Nov '11

I'd like to merge this Clang fix to release if possible: https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/changeset/75152 The change basically just moves code from one header to another, so it's defined at the point of first use. Thanks, John.

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[BGL] How to provide a vertex_index property for my graph
by ShNaYkHs ShNaYkHs 03 Nov '11

03 Nov '11

Hello, Since my graph use setS as a VertexList, I have to either provide a vertex_index property map for my graph to be able to use some functions requiring a vertex_index (e.g. write_graphviz). My graph is defined as: typedef adjacency_list<setS, setS, undirectedS, NodeData, EdgeData> Graph; Where NodeData and EdgeData are structures. Can you please give me a very simple example of how to provide a vertex_index property map for my graph ? I mean, since an adjacency_list that uses listS or setS as the vertex container does not automatically provide this vertex_id property, how can I add it to the code bellow ? I tried to use an associative_property_map to include index for vertices, but it doesn't work (errors): #include <boost/graph/iteration_macros.hpp> #include <boost/graph/adjacency_list.hpp> using namespace std; using namespace boost; struct NodeData { int label; float influance; /* etc ... */ }; struct EdgeData { int age; /* etc ... */ }; typedef map<vecS, size_t> IndexMap; IndexMap mapIndex; associative_property_map<IndexMap> propmapIndex(mapIndex); typedef adjacency_list<setS, setS, undirectedS, NodeData, EdgeData> Graph; typedef Graph::vertex_descriptor NodeID; typedef Graph::edge_descriptor EdgeID; int main() { Graph g; NodeID n0 = add_vertex(g); g[n0].label = -1; NodeID n1 = add_vertex(g); g[n1].label = -1; EdgeID edge; bool ok; tie(edge, ok) = boost::add_edge(n0, n1, g); if (ok) g[edge].age = 10; int i=0; BGL_FORALL_VERTICES(v, g, Graph) { put(propmapIndex, v, i++); } return 0; } Thanks for answer.

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