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Subject: [Boost-commit] svn:boost r53038 - in trunk: boost boost/exception boost/exception/detail libs/exception/doc libs/exception/doc/source libs/exception/test
From: emil_at_[hidden]
Date: 2009-05-15 18:34:32

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Author: emildotchevski
Date: 2009-05-15 18:34:30 EDT (Fri, 15 May 2009)
New Revision: 53038
URL: http://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/changeset/53038

Log:
support for exception_ptr and nesting in boost::diagnostic_information
documentation update
Added:
   trunk/boost/exception/detail/exception_ptr_base.hpp (contents, props changed)
Text files modified:
   trunk/boost/exception/diagnostic_information.hpp | 102
   trunk/boost/exception/info.hpp | 2
   trunk/boost/exception_ptr.hpp | 47
   trunk/libs/exception/doc/error_info.html | 1
   trunk/libs/exception/doc/exception.html | 1
   trunk/libs/exception/doc/exception_ptr.html | 2
   trunk/libs/exception/doc/source/boost-exception.reno | 3963 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
   trunk/libs/exception/test/cloning_test.cpp | 38
   8 files changed, 2136 insertions(+), 2020 deletions(-)

Added: trunk/boost/exception/detail/exception_ptr_base.hpp
==============================================================================
--- (empty file)
+++ trunk/boost/exception/detail/exception_ptr_base.hpp 2009-05-15 18:34:30 EDT (Fri, 15 May 2009)
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//Copyright (c) 2006-2009 Emil Dotchevski and Reverge Studios, Inc.
+
+//Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+//file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#ifndef UUID_DC4208C6417811DEBF11E1EC55D89593
+#define UUID_DC4208C6417811DEBF11E1EC55D89593
+
+namespace
+boost
+ {
+ namespace
+ exception_detail
+ {
+ class
+ exception_ptr_base
+ {
+ public:
+
+ virtual void _rethrow() const=0;
+ virtual bool _empty() const=0;
+ };
+ }
+ }
+
+#endif

Modified: trunk/boost/exception/diagnostic_information.hpp
==============================================================================
--- trunk/boost/exception/diagnostic_information.hpp (original)
+++ trunk/boost/exception/diagnostic_information.hpp 2009-05-15 18:34:30 EDT (Fri, 15 May 2009)
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@

#include <boost/config.hpp>
#include <boost/exception/get_error_info.hpp>
+#include <boost/exception/detail/exception_ptr_base.hpp>
#include <boost/utility/enable_if.hpp>
#include <exception>
#include <sstream>
@@ -41,16 +42,6 @@
 enum e { value = !enable_boost_exception_overload<T>::value && sizeof(check((T*)0))==sizeof(yes) };
 };

-#ifndef BOOST_NO_RTTI
- template <class T>
- inline
- std::string
- dynamic_exception_type( T const & x )
- {
- return std::string("Dynamic exception type: ") + BOOST_EXCEPTION_DYNAMIC_TYPEID(x).name();
- }
-#endif
-
 inline
 char const *
 get_diagnostic_information( exception const & x )
@@ -72,43 +63,41 @@

 inline
 std::string
- boost_diagnostic_information( exception const & x )
+ diagnostic_information_impl( boost::exception const * be, std::exception const * se )
 {
+ BOOST_ASSERT(be||se);
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_RTTI
+ if( !se )
+ se = dynamic_cast<std::exception const *>(be);
+ if( !be )
+ be = dynamic_cast<boost::exception const *>(se);
+#endif
 std::ostringstream tmp;
- if( char const * const * f=get_error_info<throw_file>(x) )
+ if( be )
 {
- tmp << *f;
- if( int const * l=get_error_info<throw_line>(x) )
- tmp << '(' << *l << "): ";
+ if( char const * const * f=get_error_info<throw_file>(*be) )
+ {
+ tmp << *f;
+ if( int const * l=get_error_info<throw_line>(*be) )
+ tmp << '(' << *l << "): ";
+ }
+ tmp << "Throw in function ";
+ if( char const * const * fn=get_error_info<throw_function>(*be) )
+ tmp << *fn;
+ else
+ tmp << "(unknown)";
+ tmp << '\n';
 }
- tmp << "Throw in function ";
- if( char const * const * fn=get_error_info<throw_function>(x) )
- tmp << *fn;
- else
- tmp << "(unknown)";
- tmp << std::endl;
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_RTTI
- tmp << dynamic_exception_type(x) << std::endl;
- if( std::exception const * e=dynamic_cast<std::exception const *>(&x) )
- tmp << "std::exception::what: " << e->what() << std::endl;
-#endif
- if( char const * s=exception_detail::get_diagnostic_information(x) )
- if( *s )
- tmp << s;
- return tmp.str();
- }
-
- inline
- std::string
- std_diagnostic_information( std::exception const & x )
- {
- std::ostringstream tmp;
#ifndef BOOST_NO_RTTI
- if( exception const * e=dynamic_cast<exception const *>(&x) )
- return boost_diagnostic_information(*e);
- tmp << dynamic_exception_type(x) << std::endl;
+ tmp << std::string("Dynamic exception type: ") <<
+ (be?BOOST_EXCEPTION_DYNAMIC_TYPEID(*be):BOOST_EXCEPTION_DYNAMIC_TYPEID(*se)).name() << '\n';
#endif
- tmp << "std::exception::what: " << x.what() << std::endl;
+ if( se )
+ tmp << "std::exception::what: " << se->what() << '\n';
+ if( be )
+ if( char const * s=exception_detail::get_diagnostic_information(*be) )
+ if( *s )
+ tmp << s;
 return tmp.str();
 }
 }
@@ -118,7 +107,7 @@
 typename enable_if<exception_detail::enable_boost_exception_overload<T>,std::string>::type
 diagnostic_information( T const & e )
 {
- return exception_detail::boost_diagnostic_information(e);
+ return exception_detail::diagnostic_information_impl(&e,0);
 }

 template <class T>
@@ -126,7 +115,7 @@
 typename enable_if<exception_detail::enable_std_exception_overload<T>,std::string>::type
 diagnostic_information( T const & e )
 {
- return exception_detail::std_diagnostic_information(e);
+ return exception_detail::diagnostic_information_impl(0,&e);
 }
 }

@@ -139,14 +128,31 @@
 std::string
 current_exception_diagnostic_information()
 {
- if( boost::exception const * e=current_exception_cast<boost::exception const>() )
- return diagnostic_information(*e);
- else if( std::exception const * e=current_exception_cast<std::exception const>() )
- return diagnostic_information(*e);
+ boost::exception const * be=current_exception_cast<boost::exception const>();
+ std::exception const * se=current_exception_cast<std::exception const>();
+ if( be || se )
+ return exception_detail::diagnostic_information_impl(be,se);
 else
 return "No diagnostic information available.";
 }
- }
+
+ inline
+ std::string
+ diagnostic_information( exception_detail::exception_ptr_base const & p )
+ {
+ if( !p._empty() )
+ try
+ {
+ p._rethrow();
+ }
+ catch(
+ ... )
+ {
+ return current_exception_diagnostic_information();
+ }
+ return "<empty>";
+ }
+ }
#endif

#endif

Modified: trunk/boost/exception/info.hpp
==============================================================================
--- trunk/boost/exception/info.hpp (original)
+++ trunk/boost/exception/info.hpp 2009-05-15 18:34:30 EDT (Fri, 15 May 2009)
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 for( error_info_map::const_iterator i=info_.begin(),end=info_.end(); i!=end; ++i )
 {
 shared_ptr<error_info_base const> const & x = i->second;
- tmp << '[' << x->tag_typeid_name() << "] = " << x->value_as_string() << std::endl;
+ tmp << '[' << x->tag_typeid_name() << "] = " << x->value_as_string() << '\n';
 }
 tmp.str().swap(diagnostic_info_str_);
 }

Modified: trunk/boost/exception_ptr.hpp
==============================================================================
--- trunk/boost/exception_ptr.hpp (original)
+++ trunk/boost/exception_ptr.hpp 2009-05-15 18:34:30 EDT (Fri, 15 May 2009)
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
#endif
#include <boost/exception/exception.hpp>
#include <boost/exception/info.hpp>
+#include <boost/exception/diagnostic_information.hpp>
#include <boost/exception/detail/type_info.hpp>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <stdexcept>
@@ -37,7 +38,8 @@
 void rethrow_exception( exception_ptr const & );

 class
- exception_ptr
+ exception_ptr:
+ public exception_detail::exception_ptr_base
 {
 typedef bool exception_ptr::*unspecified_bool_type;
 friend exception_ptr current_exception();
@@ -65,6 +67,22 @@
 BOOST_ASSERT(c);
 }

+ void
+ _rethrow() const
+ {
+ BOOST_ASSERT(*this);
+ if( bad_alloc_ )
+ throw enable_current_exception(std::bad_alloc());
+ else
+ c_->rethrow();
+ }
+
+ bool
+ _empty() const
+ {
+ return !bad_alloc_ && !c_;
+ }
+
 public:

 exception_ptr():
@@ -74,7 +92,7 @@

 operator unspecified_bool_type() const
 {
- return (bad_alloc_ || c_) ? &exception_ptr::bad_alloc_ : 0;
+ return _empty() ? 0 : &exception_ptr::bad_alloc_;
 }

 friend
@@ -417,11 +435,26 @@
 void
 rethrow_exception( exception_ptr const & p )
 {
- BOOST_ASSERT(p);
- if( p.bad_alloc_ )
- throw enable_current_exception(std::bad_alloc());
- else
- p.c_->rethrow();
+ p._rethrow();
+ }
+
+ inline
+ std::string
+ to_string( exception_ptr const & p )
+ {
+ std::string s='\n'+diagnostic_information(p);
+ std::string padding(" ");
+ std::string r;
+ bool f=false;
+ for( std::string::const_iterator i=s.begin(),e=s.end(); i!=e; ++i )
+ {
+ if( f )
+ r+=padding;
+ char c=*i;
+ r+=c;
+ f=(c=='\n');
+ }
+ return r;
 }
 }

Modified: trunk/libs/exception/doc/error_info.html
==============================================================================
--- trunk/libs/exception/doc/error_info.html (original)
+++ trunk/libs/exception/doc/error_info.html 2009-05-15 18:34:30 EDT (Fri, 15 May 2009)
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@
</a><a href="error_info_value_type.html">error_info::value_type 
</a><a href="exception.html">exception 
</a><a href="exception_operator_shl.html">exception/operator<< 
+</a><a href="exception_ptr.html">exception_ptr 
</a><a href="frequently_asked_questions.html">Frequently Asked Questions 
</a><a href="get_error_info.html">get_error_info 
</a><a href="tutorial_enable_error_info.html">Integrating Boost Exception in Existing Exception Class Hierarchies

Modified: trunk/libs/exception/doc/exception.html
==============================================================================
--- trunk/libs/exception/doc/exception.html (original)
+++ trunk/libs/exception/doc/exception.html 2009-05-15 18:34:30 EDT (Fri, 15 May 2009)
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
</a><a href="exception_operator_shl.html">exception/operator<< 
</a><a href="exception_constructors.html">exception::exception 
</a><a href="exception_destructor.html">exception::~exception 
+</a><a href="exception_ptr.html">exception_ptr 
</a><a href="frequently_asked_questions.html">Frequently Asked Questions 
</a><a href="get_error_info.html">get_error_info 
</a><a href="tutorial_enable_error_info.html">Integrating Boost Exception in Existing Exception Class Hierarchies

Modified: trunk/libs/exception/doc/exception_ptr.html
==============================================================================
--- trunk/libs/exception/doc/exception_ptr.html (original)
+++ trunk/libs/exception/doc/exception_ptr.html 2009-05-15 18:34:30 EDT (Fri, 15 May 2009)
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
<li> It is illegal for multiple threads to modify the same exception_ptr object concurrently.</li>
<li> While calling current_exception makes a copy of the current exception object, it is still possible for the two copies to share internal state. Therefore, in general it is not safe to call rethrow_exception concurrently to throw the same exception object into multiple threads.</li>
</ul></div>
+<h4>Nesting of exceptions</h4>
+An exception_ptr can be added as error_info to any boost::exception. This is a convenient way to nest exceptions. There is no limit on the depth of the nesting, however cyclic references result in undefined behavior.
</div><div class="RenoAutoDIV"><div class="RenoHR"><hr/></div>
<h3>See Also:</h3>
<div class="RenoPageList"><a href="boost-exception.html">Boost Exception

Modified: trunk/libs/exception/doc/source/boost-exception.reno
==============================================================================
--- trunk/libs/exception/doc/source/boost-exception.reno (original)
+++ trunk/libs/exception/doc/source/boost-exception.reno 2009-05-15 18:34:30 EDT (Fri, 15 May 2009)
@@ -54,185 +54,6 @@
 <stream_hook_path>
 <container>
 <size>1</size>
- F647827E95C64B626A8E3751AD4E4D21237DD17482EEA6DB93A16A2C6AC79E87
- <weak>527078204</weak>
- <size>446</size>
- <position>227</position>
- </container>
- </stream_hook_path>
- </hook>
- <file>
- <path>
- <empty>0</empty>
- <string>../../../../boost/exception.hpp</string>
- <type>0</type>
- <base>0</base>
- </path>
- </file>
- </hook>
- <title>
- <string>boost/exception.hpp</string>
- </title>
- <file_name>
- <string></string>
- </file_name>
- </object>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>1</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:include include:)
(:auto also:)
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>6</id>
- <type>
- <string>reno_context</string>
- </type>
- <object>
- <hook>
- <hook>
- <stream_hook_path>
- <container>
- <size>3</size>
- 126BB1D8971585CBE7D78EF3C12259D72FD5E973A84626AA9FC3234220A11CAB
- <weak>3471702891</weak>
- <size>969</size>
- <position>344</position>
- A7FD310E1340E103081DA2A7899DA0E213C696C84D52C17ADA09F6942EE97D47
- <weak>2978648279</weak>
- <size>530</size>
- <position>433</position>
- 38B566F2C6678B8724D18086A6F76E077DC2ADC1BB69A4B83BF0A2C3B7D31B50
- <weak>2218658069</weak>
- <size>31</size>
- <position>143</position>
- </container>
- </stream_hook_path>
- </hook>
- <file>
- <path>
- <empty>0</empty>
- <string>../../../../boost/exception/detail/error_info_impl.hpp</string>
- <type>0</type>
- <base>0</base>
- </path>
- </file>
- </hook>
- <title>
- <string>error_info::value_type</string>
- </title>
- <file_name>
- <string></string>
- </file_name>
- </object>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>1</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:include include:)
(:auto also:)
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>7</id>
- <type>
- <string>reno_context</string>
- </type>
- <object>
- <hook>
- <hook>
- <stream_hook_path>
- <container>
- <size>0</size>
- </container>
- </stream_hook_path>
- </hook>
- <file>
- <path>
- <empty>1</empty>
- </path>
- </file>
- </hook>
- <title>
- <string>boost/exception/enable_error_info.hpp</string>
- </title>
- <file_name>
- <string></string>
- </file_name>
- </object>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>1</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:include include:)
(:auto also:)
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>8</id>
- <type>
- <string>reno_context</string>
- </type>
- <object>
- <hook>
- <hook>
- <stream_hook_path>
- <container>
- <size>1</size>
- 9E8DCE3BCF462A3A332DA70F61E46FA5C2AB791B95E33D3F2AF1307F53C84B1C
- <weak>1960675522</weak>
- <size>6483</size>
- <position>591</position>
- </container>
- </stream_hook_path>
- </hook>
- <file>
- <path>
- <empty>0</empty>
- <string>../../example/example_io.cpp</string>
- <type>0</type>
- <base>0</base>
- </path>
- </file>
- </hook>
- <title>
- <string>diagnostic_information example</string>
- </title>
- <file_name>
- <string></string>
- </file_name>
- </object>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>0</size>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>9</id>
- <type>
- <string>reno_context</string>
- </type>
- <object>
- <hook>
- <hook>
- <stream_hook_path>
- <container>
- <size>1</size>
 BEFF039468E0E9A3719E5CB51DA9710812D146B587BAF573D1670908BB97C0CA
 <weak>35548578</weak>
 <size>1983</size>
@@ -268,7 +89,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>10</id>
+ <id>6</id>
 <type>
 <string>reno_context</string>
 </type>
@@ -306,7 +127,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>11</id>
+ <id>7</id>
 <type>
 <string>reno_context</string>
 </type>
@@ -355,7 +176,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>12</id>
+ <id>8</id>
 <type>
 <string>reno_context</string>
 </type>
@@ -393,7 +214,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>13</id>
+ <id>9</id>
 <type>
 <string>reno_context</string>
 </type>
@@ -438,7 +259,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>14</id>
+ <id>10</id>
 <type>
 <string>reno_context</string>
 </type>
@@ -476,7 +297,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>15</id>
+ <id>11</id>
 <type>
 <string>reno_context</string>
 </type>
@@ -486,9 +307,9 @@
 <stream_hook_path>
 <container>
 <size>1</size>
- A449DE2B3A2CDAE9DD932C06D224B3E07C95EBACBB4EA5890CA4CCF2DC74A693
- <weak>1718307056</weak>
- <size>4118</size>
+ 641BB230CEBF638811480BE0E3A96ABCB7CC9CC7E1C1A9C51FBAB296FFB6B7B1
+ <weak>4248389286</weak>
+ <size>4113</size>
 <position>323</position>
 </container>
 </stream_hook_path>
@@ -521,7 +342,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>16</id>
+ <id>12</id>
 <type>
 <string>reno_context</string>
 </type>
@@ -531,9 +352,9 @@
 <stream_hook_path>
 <container>
 <size>1</size>
- ACBC114551B7A04441A0452AB97D25519D6D2AE97DA6C5DDBC2E7C4B9002F847
- <weak>4238517159</weak>
- <size>11368</size>
+ 21E8093D2AF6946EAE135823066EF38B9DC8870432B44C81E585FF63A72F9903
+ <weak>3352783584</weak>
+ <size>12170</size>
 <position>323</position>
 </container>
 </stream_hook_path>
@@ -566,7 +387,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>17</id>
+ <id>13</id>
 <type>
 <string>reno_context</string>
 </type>
@@ -611,7 +432,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>18</id>
+ <id>14</id>
 <type>
 <string>reno_context</string>
 </type>
@@ -649,7 +470,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>19</id>
+ <id>15</id>
 <type>
 <string>reno_context</string>
 </type>
@@ -685,7 +506,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-8</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -694,7 +515,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>20</id>
+ <id>16</id>
 <type>
 <string>reno_context</string>
 </type>
@@ -735,7 +556,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>21</id>
+ <id>17</id>
 <type>
 <string>reno_context</string>
 </type>
@@ -771,7 +592,33 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>22</id>
+ <id>-16</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>1</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:include include:)
(:auto also:)
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-17</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>1</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:include include:)
(:auto also:)
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>18</id>
 <type>
 <string>reno_context</string>
 </type>
@@ -781,10 +628,10 @@
 <stream_hook_path>
 <container>
 <size>2</size>
- E73A20FFCA320C2129509D6916B42B4619582DCB5E6B204802AFA5DB176267EA
- <weak>1330392285</weak>
- <size>11023</size>
- <position>668</position>
+ CEB9022E39DA32E612158FF553D383E13D300D1202CEB754E28B716040EFC414
+ <weak>1114955626</weak>
+ <size>11770</size>
+ <position>723</position>
 1516D0B7E11CBEB60CE4222565ACCAFF2E9857A8A505C1C26E2AE90087250581
 <weak>3624753243</weak>
 <size>279</size>
@@ -820,7 +667,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>23</id>
+ <id>19</id>
 <type>
 <string>reno_context</string>
 </type>
@@ -858,20 +705,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-20</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>1</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
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+ CEB9022E39DA32E612158FF553D383E13D300D1202CEB754E28B716040EFC414
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+ AED5E79246B32BDF0E5C6CD8BDDC3370FD0BA1EFE3D4CE76C4A6D36A123F2E20
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+ <size>5</size>
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#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>[@(:include </string>
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- <string>:)>
#include <(:link </string>
+ <string> decl:)

namespace
boost
 {
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namespace
boost
 {
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 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3719,7 +3603,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-19</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3730,7 +3614,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-22</id>
+ <id>-16</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3741,7 +3625,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-17</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3752,7 +3636,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-20</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3763,7 +3647,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-24</id>
+ <id>-19</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3774,7 +3658,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-25</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3785,7 +3669,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-26</id>
+ <id>-21</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3796,18 +3680,83 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-27</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>0</size>
+ <size>15</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-58</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:)>
#include <(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-7</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:)>
#include <(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-49</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:)>
#include <(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-53</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:)>
#include <(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-11</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:)>
#include <(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-9</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:)>
#include <(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-12</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:)>@]
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-28</id>
+ <id>-23</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3818,18 +3767,29 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-29</id>
+ <id>-24</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>0</size>
+ <size>3</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>[@(:include </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-26</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string> decl:)@]
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-30</id>
+ <id>-25</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3840,7 +3800,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
+ <id>-26</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3851,7 +3811,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-32</id>
+ <id>-27</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3862,7 +3822,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-28</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3873,7 +3833,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-29</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3884,7 +3844,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-30</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3895,7 +3855,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-36</id>
+ <id>-31</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3906,7 +3866,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3917,7 +3877,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3928,7 +3888,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-39</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3939,7 +3899,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-40</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3950,7 +3910,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-41</id>
+ <id>-36</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3961,7 +3921,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-42</id>
+ <id>-37</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -3972,7 +3932,62 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-43</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>0</size>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-39</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>0</size>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-40</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>0</size>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-41</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>0</size>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-42</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>0</size>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-43</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -4173,17 +4188,6 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>0</size>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
 <id>-56</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
@@ -4299,18 +4303,7 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>3</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>[@typedef T (:link </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-6</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="m":);@]
</string>
+ <size>0</size>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -4442,28 +4435,6 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>0</size>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-19</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>0</size>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-22</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
 <size>5</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
 <string>[@typedef (:link </string>
@@ -4480,7 +4451,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-22</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -4491,7 +4462,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-19</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -4513,6 +4484,50 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-21</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>0</size>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-22</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>0</size>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-23</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>3</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>[@typedef T (:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-23</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string> mod="m":);@]
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
 <id>-24</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
@@ -4949,7 +4964,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-6</id>
+ <id>-23</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5185,7 +5200,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-6</id>
+ <id>-23</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5205,17 +5220,6 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>0</size>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
 <id>-56</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
@@ -5258,7 +5262,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-6</id>
+ <id>-23</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5393,27 +5397,9 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>5</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Definition:

The expression </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string><Tag,T>::(:link </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-6</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
+ <size>1</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="m":) evaluates to T.</string>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

!!!Synopsis

(:include synopsis:)
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -5426,7 +5412,7 @@
 <container>
 <size>1</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

!!!Synopsis

(:include synopsis:)
</string>
+ <string>(:auto !!:)

!!!Synopsis

(:include synopsis:)
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -5437,18 +5423,36 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>3</size>
+ <size>7</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>!!!!Example:

this is a possible output from the (:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

Deriving from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-30</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) function, as used in ''libs/exception/example/example_io.cpp:''

[@example_io.cpp(83): Throw in function class boost::shared_ptr<struct _iobuf> __cdecl my_fopen(const char *,const char *)
Dynamic exception type: class boost::exception_detail::clone_impl<class fopen_error>
std::exception::what: example_io error
[struct tag_errno *] = 2, OS says "No such file or directory"
[struct tag_file_name *] = tmp1.txt
[struct tag_function *] = fopen
[struct tag_open_mode *] = rb@]
</string>
+ <string>:) effectively decouples the semantics of a failure from the information that is relevant to each individual instance of reporting a failure with a given semantic.

In other words: with boost::(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-47</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:), what data a given exception object transports depends primarily on the context in which failures are reported (not on its type.) Since exception types need no members, it becomes very natural to throw exceptions that derive from more than one type to indicate multiple appropriate semantics:

[@struct exception_base: virtual std::exception, virtual boost::(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-47</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:) { };
struct io_error: virtual exception_base { };
struct file_error: virtual io_error { };
struct read_error: virtual io_error { };
struct file_read_error: virtual file_error, virtual read_error { };@]

Using this approach, exception types become a simple tagging system for categorizing errors and selecting failures in exception handlers.
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -5474,7 +5478,7 @@
 <container>
 <size>1</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

!!!Synopsis

(:include synopsis:)
</string>
+ <string>(:auto !!:)

(:pagelist tags="macro":)
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -5498,36 +5502,9 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>7</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

Deriving from boost::(:link </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) effectively decouples the semantics of a failure from the information that is relevant to each individual instance of reporting a failure with a given semantic.

In other words: with boost::(:link </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:), what data a given exception object transports depends primarily on the context in which failures are reported (not on its type.) Since exception types need no members, it becomes very natural to throw exceptions that derive from more than one type to indicate multiple appropriate semantics:

[@struct exception_base: virtual std::exception, virtual boost::(:link </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
+ <size>1</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) { };
struct io_error: virtual exception_base { };
struct file_error: virtual io_error { };
struct read_error: virtual io_error { };
struct file_read_error: virtual file_error, virtual read_error { };@]

Using this approach, exception types become a simple tagging system for categorizing errors and selecting failures in exception handlers.
</string>
+ <string>(:auto !!:)

!!!Synopsis

(:include synopsis:)
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -5553,7 +5530,7 @@
 <container>
 <size>1</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!:)

(:pagelist tags="macro":)
</string>
+ <string>(:auto !:)

This is an alphabetical list of all Boost Exception documentation pages.

(:pagelist fmt="index" except_tags="index noindex" mod="w":)
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -5564,59 +5541,7 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>1</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!:)

!!!Synopsis

(:include synopsis:)
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-16</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>1</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!:)

!!!Synopsis

(:include synopsis:)
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-17</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>1</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!:)

!!!Synopsis

(:include synopsis:)
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>1</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !:)

This is an alphabetical list of all Boost Exception documentation pages.

(:pagelist fmt="index" except_tags="index noindex" mod="w":)
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-19</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>33</size>
+ <size>33</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
 <string>(:auto !!!:)

Traditionally, when using exceptions to report failures, the throw site:

*creates an exception object of the appropriate type, and
*stuffs it with data relevant to the detected error.

A higher context in the program contains a catch statement which:

*selects failures based on exception types, and
*inspects exception objects for data required to deal with the problem.

The main issue with this "traditional" approach is that often, the data available at the point of the throw is insufficient for the catch site to handle the failure.

Here is an example of a catch statement:

[@catch( file_read_error & e )
 {
 std::cerr << e.file_name();
 }@]

And here is a possible matching throw:

[@void
read_file( FILE * f )
 {
 ....
 size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
 if( ferror(f) )
 throw file_read_error(???);
 ....&#
10; }@]

Clearly, the problem is that the handler requires a file name but the read_file function does not have a file name to put in the exception object; all it has is a FILE pointer!

In an attempt to deal with this problem, we could modify read_file to accept a file name:

[@void
read_file( FILE * f, char const * name )
 {
 ....
 size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
 if( ferror(f) )
 throw file_read_error(name);
 ....
 }@]

This is not a real solution: it simply shifts the burden of supplying a file name to the immediate caller of the read_file function.

->''In general, the data required to handle a given library-emitted exception depends on the program that links to it. Many contexts between the throw and the catch may have relevant information which must be transported to the exception handler.''

!!!Exception wrapping

The idea of exception wrapping is to catch an exce
ption from a lower level function (such as the read_file function above), and throw a new exception object that contains the original exception (and also carries a file name.) This method seems to be particularly popular with C++ programmers with Java background.

Exception wrapping leads to the following problems:

*To wrap an exception object it must be copied, which may result in slicing.
*Wrapping is practically impossible to use in generic contexts.

The second point is actually special case of violating the exception neutrality principle. Most contexts in a program can not handle exceptions; such contexts should not interfere with the process of exception handling.

!!!The boost::exception solution

*Simply derive your exception types from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
@@ -5769,69 +5694,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-22</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>9</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

This </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string> typedef is used by </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string> if it defaults to returning an </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string> that refers to an object of type </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-28</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>, to record in it the std::type_info of the original exception object.</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>1</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!:)

(:pagelist fmt="index" tags="hpp" sort_prefix="6":)
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-20</id>
+ <id>-16</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -5869,7 +5732,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-5</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -5961,35 +5824,22 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-24</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>1</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!:)

(:pagelist fmt="index" tags="type":)
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-25</id>
+ <id>-17</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>11</size>
+ <size>65</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

Here is how cloning can be enabled in a throw-expression (15.1):

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!:)

!!!Why doesn't boost::exception derive from std::exception?

Despite that (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-15</id>
+ <id>-43</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>

typedef boost::error_info<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;

class file_read_error: public boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>|virtual inheritance should be used in deriving from base exception types:), many programmers fail to follow this principle when deriving from std::exception. If boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -5998,47 +5848,34 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) { };

void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
 {
 if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
 throw boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) derives from std::exception, using the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-26</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)(file_read_error()) <<
 errno_info(errno);
 }@]

Of course, (:link </string>
+ <string>:) function with such user-defined types would introduce dangerous ambiguity which would break all catch(std::exception &) statements.

Of course, boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) may be used with any exception type; there is no requirement that it should derive from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) should not be used to replace std::exception as a base type in exception type hierarchies. Instead, it should be included as a virtual base, in addition to std::exception (which should also be derived virtually.)

!!!Why is boost::exception abstract?

To prevent exception-neutral contexts from erroneously erasing the type of the original exception when adding (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-26</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>5</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

T must be a class with an accessible no-throw copy constructor as per (15.5.1).

!!!!Returns:

* If T derives from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) to an active exception object:

[@catch( boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -6047,65 +5884,52 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:), the returned object is of type T and is a copy of x.
* Otherwise, the returned object is of an unspecified type that derives publicly from both T and boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) & e )
 {
 e (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-56</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:). The T sub-object is initialized from x by the T copy constructor.

!!!!Throws:

Nothing.
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-27</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>17</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

The following example demonstrates how errno can be stored in exception objects using Boost Exception:

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>|<<:) foo_info(foo);
 throw e; //Compile error: boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-5</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>
#include <errno.h>
#include <iostream>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) is abstract
 }@]

The correct code is:

[@catch( boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info; //(1)

class my_error: public boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) & e )
 {
 e (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-56</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:), public std::exception { }; //(2)

void
f()
 {
 throw my_error() << errno_info(errno); //(3)
 }
@]

First, we instantiate the (:link </string>
+ <string>|<<:) foo_info(foo);
 throw; //Okay, re-throwing the original exception object.
 }@]

!!!What is the space overhead of the boost::exception base class?

The space overhead for the boost::exception data members is negligible in the context of exception handling. Throwing objects that derive from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) template using a unique identifier -- tag_errno, and the type of the info it identifies -- int. This provides compile-time type safety for the various values stored in exception objects.

Second, we define class my_error, which derives from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) does not by itself cause dynamic memory allocations.

Deriving from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -6114,78 +5938,52 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).

Finally, (3) illustrates how the typedef from (1) can be used with (:link </string>
+ <string>:) enables any data to be added to exceptions, which usually does allocate memory. However, this memory is reclaimed when the exception has been handled, and since typically user code does not allocate memory during the unrolling of the stack, adding error info to exceptions should not cause memory fragmentation.

!!!Should I use boost::throw_exception or BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION or just throw?

The benefit of calling boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-56</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>|operator<<:) to store values in exception objects at the point of the throw.

The stored errno value can be recovered at a later time like this:

[@// ...continued

void
g()
 {
 try
 {
 f();
 }
 catch(
 my_error & x )
 {
 if( int const * err=boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) instead of using throw directly is that it ensures that the emitted exception derives from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-57</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<errno_info>(x) )
 std::cerr << "Error code: " << *err;
 }
 }@]

The (:link </string>
+ <string>:) and that it is compatible with boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-57</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) function template is instantiated with the typedef from (1), and is passed an exception object of a polymorphic type. If the exception object contains the requested value, err will point to it; otherwise a null pointer is returned.
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-28</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>5</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

This type is used by the (:link </string>
+ <string>:).

The (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) support in Boost Exception. Please see (:link </string>
+ <string>:) macro also results in a call to boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-29</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>19</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!:)

Boost Exception provides a namespace-scope function (:link </string>
+ <string>:), but in addition it records in the exception object the __FILE__ and __LINE__ of the throw, as well as the pretty name of the function that throws. This has virtually no overhead, yet enables boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -6194,52 +5992,52 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) which takes a boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) to compose a more useful, if not user-friendly message.

Typical use of boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-30</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:). The returned string contains:

*the string representation of all data objects added to the boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) is:

[@catch( boost::exception & e )
 {
 std::cerr << "OMG!" << boost::diagnostic_information(e);
 }
catch( ... )
 {
 std::cerr << "OMG!!!";
 }@]

This is a possible message it may display, the first line is only possible if (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) through (:link </string>
+ <string>:) is used:

[@example_io.cpp(83): Throw in function void parse_file(const char *)
Dynamic exception type: class file_open_error
std::exception::what: example_io error
[struct tag_errno_code *] = 2, OS says "No such file or directory"
[struct tag_file_name *] = tmp1.xml
[struct tag_function *] = fopen
[struct tag_open_mode *] = rb@]
!!!Why is boost::exception integrated in boost::throw_exception?

The boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-56</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="/":);
*the output from std::exception::what;
*additional platform-specific diagnostic information.

The returned string is not presentable as a friendly user message, but because it is generated automatically, it is useful for debugging or logging purposes. Here is an example:

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:) function predates the Boost Exception library and there has been some concern about its current behavior of injecting boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-5</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>
#include <iostream>

void f(); //throws unknown types that derive from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) as a base of any exception passed to boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).

void
g()
 {
 try
 {
 f();
 }
 catch(
 boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:). Such concerns are dictated by the typical strict interpretation of a common principle in C and C++, that users only pay for features they actually use.

The problem is that users of Boost Exception can't by themselves cause a library to throw types that derive from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -6248,38 +6046,34 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) & e )
 {
 std::cerr << (:link </string>
+ <string>:), and without this they can't use any of the Boost Exception facilities.

For example, if a user wants to use Boost Serialization in a separate thread, it is desirable to be able to transport exceptions emitted by that library into the main thread where they can be analyzed to generate a user-friendly message. This can be easily achieved using boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-30</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)(e);
 }
 }@]

(:include </string>
+ <string>:), but this requires that Boost Serialization throws exceptions using boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-8</id>
+ <id>-37</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-30</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>29</size>
+ <string>:). If Boost Serialization calls boost::(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-35</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Returns:

A string value that contains varying amount of implementation-specific diagnostic information about the passed exception object:

*If E can be statically converted to boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) to throw, this behavior happens automatically and transparently.

The cost of this integration is:

* In terms of space: a pointer and 3 ints are added to the static size of exception objects.
* In terms of speed: the pointer is initialized to null at the point of the throw.
* In terms of coupling: about 400 self-contained lines of C++ with no external includes.

!!!Why use operator<< overload for adding info to exceptions?

Before throwing an object of type that derives from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -6288,7 +6082,7 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:), the returned value contains the string representations of all (:link </string>
+ <string>:), it is often desirable to add one or more (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -6297,16 +6091,16 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) objects stored in the boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) objects in it. The syntactic sugar provided by (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-56</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) through (:link </string>
+ <string>:) allows this to be done directly in a throw expression:

[@throw error() (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -6315,213 +6109,326 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="/":), along with other diagnostic information relevant to the exception. If e can be dynamically converted to std::exception, the returned value also contains the what() string.
*Otherwise, if E can be statically converted std::exception:
**if e can be dynamically converted to boost::exception, the returned value is the same as if E could be statically converted to boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>|<<:) foo_info(foo) (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-56</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:);
**otherwise the returned value contains the what() string.
*Otherwise, the boost::</string>
+ <string>|<<:) bar_info(bar);@]

which saves typing compared to this possible alternative:

[@error e;
e.add(foo_info(foo));
e.add(bar_info(bar));
throw e;@]

and looks better than something like:

[@throw error().add(foo_info(foo)).add(bar_info(bar));@]
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-18</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>9</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

This </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-30</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> template is not available.

The string representation of each (:link </string>
+ <string> typedef is used by </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) object is deduced by a function call that is bound at the time the (:link </string>
+ <string> if it defaults to returning an </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<Tag,T> template is instantiated. The following overload resolutions are attempted in order:

#Unqualified call to to_string(x), where x is of type (:link </string>
+ <string> that refers to an object of type </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-28</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<Tag,T> (the return value is expected to be of type std::string.)
#Unqualified call to to_string(x.(:link </string>
+ <string>, to record in it the std::type_info of the original exception object.</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-19</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>1</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!:)

(:pagelist fmt="index" tags="hpp" sort_prefix="6":)
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-20</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>1</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!:)

(:pagelist fmt="index" tags="type":)
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-21</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>11</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

Here is how cloning can be enabled in a throw-expression (15.1):

[@#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-55</id>
+ <id>-11</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="m":)()) (the return value is expected to be of type std::string.)
#Unqualified call to s << x.(:link </string>
+ <string>:)>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>

typedef boost::error_info<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;

class file_read_error: public boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-55</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="m":)(), where s is a std::ostringstream.

The first successfully bound function is used at the time (:link </string>
+ <string>:) { };

void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
 {
 if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
 throw boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-30</id>
+ <id>-37</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) is called; if all 3 overload resolutions are unsuccessful, the system is unable to convert the (:link </string>
+ <string>:)(file_read_error()) <<
 errno_info(errno);
 }@]

Of course, (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-37</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) object to string, and ''an unspecified stub string value is used without issuing a compile error.''

!!!!Notes:

*The format of the returned string is unspecified.
*The returned string is ''not'' user-friendly.
*The returned string may include additional platform-specific diagnostic information.

(:include </string>
+ <string>:) may be used with any exception type; there is no requirement that it should derive from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-8</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)</string>
+ <string>:).
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>19</size>
+ <size>1</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!:)

Boost Exception responds to the following configuration macros:

'''BOOST_NO_RTTI'''\\
'''BOOST_NO_TYPEID'''

The first macro prevents Boost Exception from using dynamic_cast and dynamic typeid. If the second macro is also defined, Boost Exception does not use static typeid either. There are no observable degrading effects on the library functionality, except for the following:

->By default, the (:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!:)

!!!Synopsis

(:include synopsis:)
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-23</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>5</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Definition:

The expression </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-57</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) function template can be called with any exception type. If BOOST_NO_RTTI is defined, (:link </string>
+ <string><Tag,T>::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-57</id>
+ <id>-23</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) can be used only with objects of type boost::(:link </string>
+ <string> mod="m":) evaluates to T.</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-24</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>1</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

!!!Synopsis

(:include synopsis:)
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-25</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>3</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>!!!!Example:

this is a possible output from the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-30</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).

!!!!Note:

The library needs RTTI functionality. Disabling the language RTTI support enables an internal RTTI system, which may have more or less overhead depending on the platform.

'''BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE'''

By default, (:link </string>
+ <string>:) function, as used in ''libs/exception/example/example_io.cpp:''

[@example_io.cpp(83): Throw in function class boost::shared_ptr<struct _iobuf> __cdecl my_fopen(const char *,const char *)
Dynamic exception type: class boost::exception_detail::clone_impl<class fopen_error>
std::exception::what: example_io error
[struct tag_errno *] = 2, OS says "No such file or directory"
[struct tag_file_name *] = tmp1.txt
[struct tag_function *] = fopen
[struct tag_open_mode *] = rb@]
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-26</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>5</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

T must be a class with an accessible no-throw copy constructor as per (15.5.1).

!!!!Returns:

* If T derives from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) and (:link </string>
+ <string>:), the returned object is of type T and is a copy of x.
* Otherwise, the returned object is of an unspecified type that derives publicly from both T and boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-26</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) are integrated directly in the (:link </string>
+ <string>:). The T sub-object is initialized from x by the T copy constructor.

!!!!Throws:

Nothing.
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-27</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>17</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

The following example demonstrates how errno can be stored in exception objects using Boost Exception:

[@#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) function. Defining BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE disables this integration.

Note that on some non-conformant compilers, for example MSVC 7.0 and older, as well as BCC, BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is implicitly defined in (:link </string>
+ <string>:)>
#include <errno.h>
#include <iostream>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-9</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).

'''BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS'''

This macro disables exception handling in Boost, forwarding all exceptions to a user-defined non-template version of boost::</string>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info; //(1)

class my_error: public boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>. However, unless BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is also defined, users can still examine the exception object for any data added at the point of the throw, or use boost::</string>
+ <string>:), public std::exception { }; //(2)

void
f()
 {
 throw my_error() << errno_info(errno); //(3)
 }
@]

First, we instantiate the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-30</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> (of course under BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS, the user-defined boost::throw_exception is not allowed to return to the caller.)
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-32</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>7</size>
+ <string>:) template using a unique identifier -- tag_errno, and the type of the info it identifies -- int. This provides compile-time type safety for the various values stored in exception objects.

Second, we define class my_error, which derives from boost::(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-47</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

This macro takes an exception object, records BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION, __FILE__ and __LINE__ in it, and forwards it to </string>
+ <string>:).

Finally, (3) illustrates how the typedef from (1) can be used with (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-56</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>. To recover this information at the catch site, use </string>
+ <string>|operator<<:) to store values in exception objects at the point of the throw.

The stored errno value can be recovered at a later time like this:

[@// ...continued

void
g()
 {
 try
 {
 f();
 }
 catch(
 my_error & x )
 {
 if( int const * err=boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -6530,29 +6437,29 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>; the information is also included in the message returned by </string>
+ <string>:)<errno_info>(x) )
 std::cerr << "Error code: " << *err;
 }
 }@]

The (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-30</id>
+ <id>-57</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>.
</string>
+ <string>:) function template is instantiated with the typedef from (1), and is passed an exception object of a polymorphic type. If the exception object contains the requested value, err will point to it; otherwise a null pointer is returned.
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-28</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>19</size>
+ <size>5</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

The (:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

This type is used by the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -6561,294 +6468,307 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) type can be used to refer to a copy of an exception object. It is Default Constructible, Copy Constructible, Assignable and Equality Comparable; (:link </string>
+ <string>:) support in Boost Exception. Please see (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)'s operations do not throw.

The referenced object remains valid at least as long as there is an </string>
+ <string>:).
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-29</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>19</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!:)

Boost Exception provides a namespace-scope function (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-30</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> object that refers to it.

Two instances of (:link </string>
+ <string>:) which takes a boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) are equivalent and compare equal if and only if they refer to the same exception.

The default constructor of (:link </string>
+ <string>:). The returned string contains:

*the string representation of all data objects added to the boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) produces the null value of the type. The null value is equivalent only to itself.

!!!!Thread safety

* It is legal for multiple threads to hold (:link </string>
+ <string>:) through (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-56</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) references to the same exception object.
* It is illegal for multiple threads to modify the same (:link </string>
+ <string> mod="/":);
*the output from std::exception::what;
*additional platform-specific diagnostic information.

The returned string is not presentable as a friendly user message, but because it is generated automatically, it is useful for debugging or logging purposes. Here is an example:

[@#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) object concurrently.
* While calling (:link </string>
+ <string>:)>
#include <iostream>

void f(); //throws unknown types that derive from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) makes a copy of the current exception object, it is still possible for the two copies to share internal state. Therefore, in general it is not safe to call (:link </string>
+ <string>:).

void
g()
 {
 try
 {
 f();
 }
 catch(
 boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-39</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) concurrently to throw the same exception object into multiple threads.
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>33</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

The (:link </string>
+ <string>:) & e )
 {
 std::cerr << (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-30</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) function must not be called outside of a catch block.

!!!!Returns:

* An (:link </string>
+ <string>:)(e);
 }
 }@]

(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-25</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) that refers to the currently handled exception or a copy of the currently handled exception.
* If the function needs to allocate memory and the attempt fails, it returns an (:link </string>
+ <string>:)
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-30</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>29</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Returns:

A string value that contains varying amount of implementation-specific diagnostic information about the passed exception object:

*If E can be statically converted to boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) that refers to an instance of std::bad_alloc.

!!!!Throws:

Nothing.

!!!!Notes:

* It is unspecified whether the return values of two successive calls to (:link </string>
+ <string>:), the returned value contains the string representations of all (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) refer to the same exception object.
* Correct implementation of (:link </string>
+ <string>:) objects stored in the boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) may require compiler support, unless (:link </string>
+ <string>:) through (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-56</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) was used at the time the currently handled exception object was passed to throw. Whenever </string>
+ <string> mod="/":), along with other diagnostic information relevant to the exception. If e can be dynamically converted to std::exception, the returned value also contains the what() string.
*Otherwise, if E can be statically converted std::exception:
**if e can be dynamically converted to boost::exception, the returned value is the same as if E could be statically converted to boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> fails to properly copy the current exception object, it returns an </string>
+ <string>:);
**otherwise the returned value contains the what() string.
*Otherwise, the boost::</string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-30</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> to an object of type that is as close as possible to the original exception type, using </string>
+ <string> template is not available.

The string representation of each (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-28</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> as a final fallback. All such types derive from boost::</string>
+ <string>:) object is deduced by a function call that is bound at the time the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>, and:
** if the original exception object derives from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)<Tag,T> template is instantiated. The following overload resolutions are attempted in order:

#Unqualified call to to_string(x), where x is of type (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:), then the boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)<Tag,T> (the return value is expected to be of type std::string.)
#Unqualified call to to_string(x.(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-55</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) sub-object of the object referred to by the returned </string>
+ <string> mod="m":)()) (the return value is expected to be of type std::string.)
#Unqualified call to s << x.(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-55</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> is initialized by the boost::(:link </string>
+ <string> mod="m":)(), where s is a std::ostringstream.

The first successfully bound function is used at the time (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-30</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) copy constructor;
** if available, the exception contains the std::type_info of the original exception object, accessible through </string>
+ <string>:) is called; if all 3 overload resolutions are unsuccessful, the system is unable to convert the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-57</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string><</string>
+ <string>:) object to string, and ''an unspecified stub string value is used without issuing a compile error.''

!!!!Notes:

*The format of the returned string is unspecified.
*The returned string is ''not'' user-friendly.
*The returned string may include additional platform-specific diagnostic information.

(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-22</id>
+ <id>-25</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>>.
</string>
+ <string>:)</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-31</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>17</size>
+ <size>19</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

E must derive publicly from std::exception.

!!!!Effects:

* If BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS is not defined, boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!:)

Boost Exception responds to the following configuration macros:

'''BOOST_NO_RTTI'''\\
'''BOOST_NO_TYPEID'''

The first macro prevents Boost Exception from using dynamic_cast and dynamic typeid. If the second macro is also defined, Boost Exception does not use static typeid either. There are no observable degrading effects on the library functionality, except for the following:

->By default, the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-57</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)(e) is equivalent to throw boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) function template can be called with any exception type. If BOOST_NO_RTTI is defined, (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-57</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)(boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) can be used only with objects of type boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-26</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)(e)), unless BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is defined, in which case boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:).

!!!!Note:

The library needs RTTI functionality. Disabling the language RTTI support enables an internal RTTI system, which may have more or less overhead depending on the platform.

'''BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE'''

By default, (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-37</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)(e) is equivalent to throw e;
* If BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS is defined, the function is left undefined, and the user is expected to supply an appropriate definition. Callers of (:link </string>
+ <string>:) and (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-26</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) are allowed to assume that the function never returns; therefore, if the user-defined (:link </string>
+ <string>:) are integrated directly in the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -6857,16 +6777,25 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) returns, the behavior is undefined.

!!!!Note:

Under BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS, unless BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is also defined, users can examine the passed exception object using boost::</string>
+ <string>:) function. Defining BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE disables this integration.

Note that on some non-conformant compilers, for example MSVC 7.0 and older, as well as BCC, BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is implicitly defined in (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-57</id>
+ <id>-5</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>, or format an automatic diagnostic message using boost::</string>
+ <string>:).

'''BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS'''

This macro disables exception handling in Boost, forwarding all exceptions to a user-defined non-template version of boost::</string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-35</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>. However, unless BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is also defined, users can still examine the exception object for any data added at the point of the throw, or use boost::</string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -6875,42 +6804,60 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>.</string>
+ <string> (of course under BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS, the user-defined boost::throw_exception is not allowed to return to the caller.)
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-36</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>3</size>
+ <size>7</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include decl:)

!!!!Effects:



Frees all resources associated with a boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

This macro takes an exception object, records BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION, __FILE__ and __LINE__ in it, and forwards it to </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) object.

!!!!Throws:



Nothing.
</string>
+ <string>. To recover this information at the catch site, use </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-57</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>; the information is also included in the message returned by </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-30</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>.
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>21</size>
+ <size>25</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

* T must be a class with an accessible no-throw copy constructor.
* If T has any virtual base types, those types must have an accessible default constructor.

!!!!Returns:

An object of ''unspecified'' type which derives publicly from T. That is, the returned object can be intercepted by a catch(T &).

!!!!Description:



This function is designed to be used directly in a throw-expression to enable the (:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

The (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -6919,34 +6866,34 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) support in Boost Exception. For example:

[@class
my_exception:
 public std::exception
 {
 };

....
throw boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) type can be used to refer to a copy of an exception object. It is Default Constructible, Copy Constructible, Assignable and Equality Comparable; (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)(my_exception());@]

Unless (:link </string>
+ <string>:)'s operations do not throw.

The referenced object remains valid at least as long as there is an (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) is called at the time an exception object is used in a throw-expression, an attempt to copy it using (:link </string>
+ <string>:) object that refers to it.

Two instances of (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) may return an (:link </string>
+ <string>:) are equivalent and compare equal if and only if they refer to the same exception.

The default constructor of (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -6955,43 +6902,43 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) which refers to an instance of (:link </string>
+ <string>:) produces the null value of the type. The null value is equivalent only to itself.

!!!!Thread safety

* It is legal for multiple threads to hold (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-28</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:). See (:link </string>
+ <string>:) references to the same exception object.
* It is illegal for multiple threads to modify the same (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) for details.

!!!!Note:

Instead of using the throw keyword directly, it is preferable to call boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) object concurrently.
* While calling (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:). This is guaranteed to throw an exception that derives from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) makes a copy of the current exception object, it is still possible for the two copies to share internal state. Therefore, in general it is not safe to call (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) and supports the (:link </string>
+ <string>:) concurrently to throw the same exception object into multiple threads.

!!!!Nesting of exceptions

An </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -7000,100 +6947,92 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) functionality.
</string>
+ <string> can be added as </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-52</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string> to any boost::</string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-47</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>. This is a convenient way to nest exceptions. There is no limit on the depth of the nesting, however cyclic references result in undefined behavior.</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>13</size>
+ <size>33</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

The code snippet below demonstrates how boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html|tuple:) can be used to bundle the name of the function that failed, together with the reported errno so that they can be added to exception objects more conveniently together:

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

The (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-13</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <errno.h>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) function must not be called outside of a catch block.

!!!!Returns:

* An (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_file_name,std::string> file_name_info;
typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) that refers to the currently handled exception or a copy of the currently handled exception.
* If the function needs to allocate memory and the attempt fails, it returns an (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_function,char const *> function_info;
typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) that refers to an instance of std::bad_alloc.

!!!!Throws:

Nothing.

!!!!Notes:

* It is unspecified whether the return values of two successive calls to (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;
typedef boost::tuple<function_info,errno_info> clib_failure;

class file_open_error: public boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) refer to the same exception object.
* Correct implementation of (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) { };

boost::shared_ptr<FILE>
file_open( char const * name, char const * mode )
 {
 if( FILE * f=fopen(name,mode) )
 return boost::shared_ptr<FILE>(f,fclose);
 else
 throw file_open_error() <<
 file_name_info(name) <<
 clib_failure("fopen",errno);
 }@]

Note that the members of a boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html|tuple:) are stored separately in exception objects; they can only be retrieved individually, using (:link </string>
+ <string>:) may require compiler support, unless (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-57</id>
+ <id>-37</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-39</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>1</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Precondition:

ep shall not be null.

!!!!Throws:



The exception to which ep refers.
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-40</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>37</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

When you catch an exception, you can call (:link </string>
+ <string>:) was used at the time the currently handled exception object was passed to throw. Whenever </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -7102,7 +7041,7 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) to get an (:link </string>
+ <string> fails to properly copy the current exception object, it returns an </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -7111,16 +7050,16 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) object:

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <string> to an object of type that is as close as possible to the original exception type, using </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-16</id>
+ <id>-28</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>
#include <boost/thread.hpp>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>

void do_work(); //throws cloning-enabled boost::(:link </string>
+ <string> as a final fallback. All such types derive from boost::</string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -7129,548 +7068,574 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)s

void
worker_thread( boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>, and:
** if the original exception object derives from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) & error )
 {
 try
 {
 do_work();
 error = boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:), then the boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)();
 }
 catch(
 ... )
 {
 error = boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) sub-object of the object referred to by the returned </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)();
 }
 }@]

In the above example, note that (:link </string>
+ <string> is initialized by the boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) captures the original type of the exception object. The exception can be thrown again using the (:link </string>
+ <string>:) copy constructor;
** if available, the exception contains the std::type_info of the original exception object, accessible through </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-39</id>
+ <id>-57</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) function:

[@// ...continued

void
work()
 {
 boost::(:link </string>
+ <string><</string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) error;
 boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/boost/thread.html|thread:) t( boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/bind/bind.html|bind:)(worker_thread,boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/ref.html|ref:)(error)) );
 t.(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/boost/thread.html|join:)();
 if( error )
 boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>>.
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-35</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>17</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

E must derive publicly from std::exception.

!!!!Effects:

* If BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS is not defined, boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-39</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)(error);
 }@]

Note that (:link </string>
+ <string>:)(e) is equivalent to throw boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-37</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) could fail to copy the original exception object in the following cases:

* if there is not enough memory, in which case the returned (:link </string>
+ <string>:)(boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-26</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) points to an instance of std::bad_alloc, or
* if (:link </string>
+ <string>:)(e)), unless BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is defined, in which case boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) was not used in the throw-expression passed to the original throw statement and the current implementation does not have the necessary compiler-specific support to copy the exception automatically, in which case the returned (:link </string>
+ <string>:)(e) is equivalent to throw e;
* If BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS is defined, the function is left undefined, and the user is expected to supply an appropriate definition. Callers of (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) points to an instance of (:link </string>
+ <string>:) are allowed to assume that the function never returns; therefore, if the user-defined (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-28</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).

Regardless, the use of (:link </string>
+ <string>:) returns, the behavior is undefined.

!!!!Note:

Under BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS, unless BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is also defined, users can examine the passed exception object using boost::</string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-57</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) and (:link </string>
+ <string>, or format an automatic diagnostic message using boost::</string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-39</id>
+ <id>-30</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) in the above examples is well-formed.
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-41</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>1</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!:)

(:pagelist fmt="index" tags="function":)
</string>
+ <string>.</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-42</id>
+ <id>-36</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
 <size>3</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Effects:

Stores a copy of v in the </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include decl:)

!!!!Effects:



Frees all resources associated with a boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> object.

(:include throws:)
</string>
+ <string>:) object.

!!!!Throws:



Nothing.
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-43</id>
+ <id>-37</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>5</size>
+ <size>21</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

Exception types should use virtual inheritance when deriving from other exception types. This insight is due to Andrew Koenig. Using virtual inheritance prevents ambiguity problems in the exception handler:

[@#include <iostream>
struct my_exc1 : std::exception { char const* what() const throw(); };
struct my_exc2 : std::exception { char const* what() const throw(); };
struct your_exc3 : my_exc1, my_exc2 {};

int
main()
 {
 try { throw your_exc3(); }
 catch(std::exception const& e) {}
 catch(...) { std::cout << "whoops!" << std::endl; }
 }@]

The program above outputs "whoops!" because the conversion to std::exception is ambiguous.

The overhead introduced by virtual inheritance is always negligible in the context of exception handling. Note that virtual bases are initialized directly by the constructor of the most-derived-type (the type pass
ed to the throw statement, in case of exceptions.) However, typically this detail is of no concern when boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

* T must be a class with an accessible no-throw copy constructor.
* If T has any virtual base types, those types must have an accessible default constructor.

!!!!Returns:

An object of ''unspecified'' type which derives publicly from T. That is, the returned object can be intercepted by a catch(T &).

!!!!Description:



This function is designed to be used directly in a throw-expression to enable the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) is used, because it enables exception types to be trivial structs with no members (there's nothing to initialize.) See (:link </string>
+ <string>:) support in Boost Exception. For example:

[@class
my_exception:
 public std::exception
 {
 };

....
throw boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-37</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="w":).
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-44</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>45</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>!!Synopsis

List of documented definitions, declarations and includes by header file:

`#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:)(my_exception());@]

Unless (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-49</id>
+ <id>-37</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
+ <string>:) is called at the time an exception object is used in a throw-expression, an attempt to copy it using (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-49</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:) may return an (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-11</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
+ <string>:) which refers to an instance of (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-11</id>
+ <id>-28</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:). See (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-15</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
+ <string>:) for details.

!!!!Note:

Instead of using the throw keyword directly, it is preferable to call boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-15</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:). This is guaranteed to throw an exception that derives from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-13</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
+ <string>:) and supports the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-13</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:) functionality.
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-38</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>13</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

The code snippet below demonstrates how boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html|tuple:) can be used to bundle the name of the function that failed, together with the reported errno so that they can be added to exception objects more conveniently together:

[@#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-7</id>
+ <id>-9</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
+ <string>:)>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <errno.h>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-7</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_file_name,std::string> file_name_info;
typedef boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-58</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_function,char const *> function_info;
typedef boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-58</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;
typedef boost::tuple<function_info,errno_info> clib_failure;

class file_open_error: public boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-17</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
+ <string>:) { };

boost::shared_ptr<FILE>
file_open( char const * name, char const * mode )
 {
 if( FILE * f=fopen(name,mode) )
 return boost::shared_ptr<FILE>(f,fclose);
 else
 throw file_open_error() <<
 file_name_info(name) <<
 clib_failure("fopen",errno);
 }@]

Note that the members of a boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html|tuple:) are stored separately in exception objects; they can only be retrieved individually, using (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-17</id>
+ <id>-57</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:).
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-39</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>1</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Precondition:

ep shall not be null.

!!!!Throws:



The exception to which ep refers.
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-40</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>37</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

When you catch an exception, you can call (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-16</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
+ <string>:) to get an (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-16</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:) object:

[@#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-10</id>
+ <id>-12</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
+ <string>:)>
#include <boost/thread.hpp>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>

void do_work(); //throws cloning-enabled boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-10</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:)s

void
worker_thread( boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-9</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
+ <string>:) & error )
 {
 try
 {
 do_work();
 error = boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-9</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:)();
 }
 catch(
 ... )
 {
 error = boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-5</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>

(:include </string>
+ <string>:)();
 }
 }@]

In the above example, note that (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-5</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string> synopsis:)
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-45</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>5</size>
+ <id>-34</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

E must be boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) captures the original type of the exception object. The exception can be thrown again using the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:), or a type that derives (indirectly) from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) function:

[@// ...continued

void
work()
 {
 boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).

!!!!Effects:

Equivalent to x << v.(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html#accessing_elements|get:)<0>() << ... << v.(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html#accessing_elements|get:)<N>().

!!!!Returns:

x.

(:include throws:)
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-46</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>11</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!:)

All exception types that derive from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) error;
 boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/boost/thread.html|thread:) t( boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/bind/bind.html|bind:)(worker_thread,boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/ref.html|ref:)(error)) );
 t.(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/boost/thread.html|join:)();
 if( error )
 boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) can be used as type-safe containers of arbitrary data objects, while complying with the no-throw requirements (15.5.1) of the ANSI C++ standard for exception types.

When exceptions derive from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)(error);
 }@]

Note that (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:), arbitrary data can be added to exception objects:

*At the point of the throw;
*At a later time as exceptions bubble up the call stack.

(:include </string>
+ <string>:) could fail to copy the original exception object in the following cases:

* if there is not enough memory, in which case the returned (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-27</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
(:include </string>
+ <string>:) points to an instance of std::bad_alloc, or
* if (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-48</id>
+ <id>-37</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
(:include </string>
+ <string>:) was not used in the throw-expression passed to the original throw statement and the current implementation does not have the necessary compiler-specific support to copy the exception automatically, in which case the returned (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-38</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>13</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

Class boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) points to an instance of (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-28</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) is designed to be used as a universal base for user-defined exception types.

An object of any type deriving from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:).

Regardless, the use of (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) can store data of arbitrary types, using the (:link </string>
+ <string>:) and (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) wrapper and (:link </string>
+ <string>:) in the above examples is well-formed.
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-41</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>1</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!:)

(:pagelist fmt="index" tags="function":)
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-42</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>3</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Effects:

Stores a copy of v in the </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-56</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="/":).

To retrieve data from a boost::(:link </string>
+ <string> object.

(:include throws:)
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-43</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>5</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

Exception types should use virtual inheritance when deriving from other exception types. This insight is due to Andrew Koenig. Using virtual inheritance prevents ambiguity problems in the exception handler:

[@#include <iostream>
struct my_exc1 : std::exception { char const* what() const throw(); };
struct my_exc2 : std::exception { char const* what() const throw(); };
struct your_exc3 : my_exc1, my_exc2 {};

int
main()
 {
 try { throw your_exc3(); }
 catch(std::exception const& e) {}
 catch(...) { std::cout << "whoops!" << std::endl; }
 }@]

The program above outputs "whoops!" because the conversion to std::exception is ambiguous.

The overhead introduced by virtual inheritance is always negligible in the context of exception handling. Note that virtual bases are initialized directly by the constructor of the most-derived-type (the type pass
ed to the throw statement, in case of exceptions.) However, typically this detail is of no concern when boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -7679,279 +7644,240 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) object, use the (:link </string>
+ <string>:) is used, because it enables exception types to be trivial structs with no members (there's nothing to initialize.) See (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-57</id>
+ <id>-8</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) function template.
</string>
+ <string> mod="w":).
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-48</id>
+ <id>-44</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>19</size>
+ <size>45</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

Sometimes the throw site does not have all the information that is needed at the catch site to make sense of what went wrong. Let's say we have an exception type file_read_error, which takes a file name in its constructor. Consider the following function:

[@void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
 {
 if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
 throw file_read_error(????);
 }@]

How can the file_read function pass a file name to the exception type constructor? All it has is a FILE handle.

Using boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>!!Synopsis

List of documented definitions, declarations and includes by header file:

`#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-49</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) allows us to free the file_read function from the burden of storing the file name in exceptions it throws:

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-5</id>
+ <id>-49</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-7</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;

class file_read_error: public boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-7</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) { };

void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
 {
 if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
 throw file_read_error() << errno_info(errno);
 }@]

If file_read detects a failure, it throws an exception which contains the information that is available at the time, namely the errno. Other relevant information, such as the file name, can be added in a context higher up the call stack, where it is known naturally:

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-5</id>
+ <id>-11</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-11</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_file_name,std::string> file_name_info;

boost::shared_ptr<FILE> file_open( char const * file_name, char const * mode );
void file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size );

void
parse_file( char const * file_name )
 {
 boost::shared_ptr<FILE> f = file_open(file_name,"rb");
 assert(f);
 try
 {
 char buf[1024];
 file_read( f.get(), buf, sizeof(buf) );
 }
 catch(
 boost::(:link </string>
+ <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-9</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) & e )
 {
 e << file_name_info(file_name);
 throw;
 }
 }@]

The above function is (almost) exception-neutral -- if an exception is emitted by any function call within the try block, parse_file does not need to do any real work, but it intercepts any boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-9</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) object, stores the file name, and re-throws using a throw-expression with no operand (15.1.6). The rationale for catching any boost::(:link </string>
+ <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-24</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) object is that the file name is relevant to any failure that occurs in parse_file, ''even if the failure is unrelated to file I/O''.
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-49</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>1</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!:)

!!!Synopsis

(:include synopsis:)
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-50</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>1</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

This function must not be called outside of a catch block.

!!!!Returns:

A pointer of type E to the current exception object, or null if the current exception object can not be converted to E *.

!!!!Throws:

Nothing.
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-51</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>5</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Effects:

As if

[@try
 {
 throw </string>
+ <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-24</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(e);
 }
catch(...)
 {
 return (:link </string>
+ <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-58</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)();
 }@]
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>37</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

T must have accessible copy constructor and must not be a reference (there is no requirement that T's copy constructor does not throw.)

!!!!Description:

This class template is used to associate a Tag type with a value type T. Objects of type (:link </string>
+ <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-58</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<Tag,T> can be passed to (:link </string>
+ <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-56</id>
+ <id>-13</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="/":) to be stored in objects of type boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-13</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).

!!!!Usage:

The header <(:link </string>
+ <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-11</id>
+ <id>-12</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)> provides a declaration of the (:link </string>
+ <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-12</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) template, which is sufficient for the purpose of typedefing an instance for specific Tag and T, for example:

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-11</id>
+ <id>-6</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>

struct tag_errno;
typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-6</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<tag_errno,int> errno_info;@]

Or, the shorter equivalent:

[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-11</id>
+ <id>-5</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)>

[@(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-5</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;@]

This errno_info typedef can be passed to (:link </string>
+ <string> synopsis:)@]

`#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-56</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="/":) (#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:)>

(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-15</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)> first) to store an int named tag_errno in exceptions of types that derive from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string> synopsis:)
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-45</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>5</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

E must be boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -7960,168 +7886,181 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:):

[@throw file_read_error() (:link </string>
+ <string>:), or a type that derives (indirectly) from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-56</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>|<<:) errno_info(errno);@]

It can also be passed to (:link </string>
+ <string>:).

!!!!Effects:

Equivalent to x << v.(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html#accessing_elements|get:)<0>() << ... << v.(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html#accessing_elements|get:)<N>().

!!!!Returns:

x.

(:include throws:)
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-46</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>11</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!:)

All exception types that derive from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-57</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) (#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>:) can be used as type-safe containers of arbitrary data objects, while complying with the no-throw requirements (15.5.1) of the ANSI C++ standard for exception types.

When exceptions derive from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-53</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)> first) to retrieve the tag_errno int from a boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:), arbitrary data can be added to exception objects:

*At the point of the throw;
*At a later time as exceptions bubble up the call stack.

(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-27</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:):

[@catch( boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-48</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) & x )
 {
 if( int const * e=boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
(:include </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-57</id>
+ <id>-38</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)<errno_info>(x) )
 ....
 }@]
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-53</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>1</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!:)

!!!Synopsis

(:include synopsis:)
</string>
+ <string>:)
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-54</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>69</size>
+ <size>13</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>!!Introduction

The purpose of Boost Exception is to ease the design of exception class hierarchies and to help write exception handling and error reporting code.

It supports transporting of arbitrary data to the catch site, which is otherwise tricky due to the no-throw requirements (15.5.1) for exception types. Data can be added to any exception object, either directly in the throw-expression (15.1), or at a later time as the exception object propagates up the call stack.

The ability to add data to exception objects after they have been passed to throw is important, because often some of the information needed to handle an exception is unavailable in the context where the failure is detected. 

Boost Exception also supports (:link http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2179.html|N2179:)-style (:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

Class boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-60</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>|copying:) of exception objects, implemented non-intrusively and automatically by the boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:) is designed to be used as a universal base for user-defined exception types.

An object of any type deriving from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) function.

!!Contents

#(:link </string>
+ <string>:) can store data of arbitrary types, using the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-19</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
#Tutorial
##(:link </string>
+ <string>:) wrapper and (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-46</id>
+ <id>-56</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="w":)
##(:link </string>
+ <string> mod="/":).

To retrieve data from a boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-20</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="w":)
##(:link </string>
+ <string>:) object, use the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-60</id>
+ <id>-57</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="w":)
##(:link </string>
+ <string>:) function template.
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-48</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>19</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

Sometimes the throw site does not have all the information that is needed at the catch site to make sense of what went wrong. Let's say we have an exception type file_read_error, which takes a file name in its constructor. Consider the following function:

[@void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
 {
 if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
 throw file_read_error(????);
 }@]

How can the file_read function pass a file name to the exception type constructor? All it has is a FILE handle.

Using boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="w":)
##(:link </string>
+ <string>:) allows us to free the file_read function from the burden of storing the file name in exceptions it throws:

[@#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-43</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="w":)
##(:link </string>
+ <string>:)>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-29</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="w":)
#Documentation
##Class (:link </string>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;

class file_read_error: public boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -8130,312 +8069,391 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
##Throwing Exceptions
###(:link </string>
+ <string>:) { };

void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
 {
 if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
 throw file_read_error() << errno_info(errno);
 }@]

If file_read detects a failure, it throws an exception which contains the information that is available at the time, namely the errno. Other relevant information, such as the file name, can be added in a context higher up the call stack, where it is known naturally:

[@#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-32</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
###(:link </string>
+ <string>:)>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
##Transporting of Arbitrary Data to the Catch Site
###(:link </string>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_file_name,std::string> file_name_info;

boost::shared_ptr<FILE> file_open( char const * file_name, char const * mode );
void file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size );

void
parse_file( char const * file_name )
 {
 boost::shared_ptr<FILE> f = file_open(file_name,"rb");
 assert(f);
 try
 {
 char buf[1024];
 file_read( f.get(), buf, sizeof(buf) );
 }
 catch(
 boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
###(:link </string>
+ <string>:) & e )
 {
 e << file_name_info(file_name);
 throw;
 }
 }@]

The above function is (almost) exception-neutral -- if an exception is emitted by any function call within the try block, parse_file does not need to do any real work, but it intercepts any boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-56</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
###(:link </string>
+ <string>:) object, stores the file name, and re-throws using a throw-expression with no operand (15.1.6). The rationale for catching any boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-45</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
###(:link </string>
+ <string>:) object is that the file name is relevant to any failure that occurs in parse_file, ''even if the failure is unrelated to file I/O''.
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-49</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>1</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!:)

!!!Synopsis

(:include synopsis:)
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-50</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>1</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

This function must not be called outside of a catch block.

!!!!Returns:

A pointer of type E to the current exception object, or null if the current exception object can not be converted to E *.

!!!!Throws:

Nothing.
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-51</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>5</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Effects:

As if

[@try
 {
 throw </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-57</id>
+ <id>-37</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
###(:link </string>
+ <string>(e);
 }
catch(...)
 {
 return (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-26</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
##(:link http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2179.html|N2179:) Transporting of Exceptions between Threads
###(:link </string>
+ <string>:)();
 }@]
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-52</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>37</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Requirements:

T must have accessible copy constructor and must not be a reference (there is no requirement that T's copy constructor does not throw.)

!!!!Description:

This class template is used to associate a Tag type with a value type T. Objects of type (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
###(:link </string>
+ <string>:)<Tag,T> can be passed to (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-56</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
###(:link </string>
+ <string> mod="/":) to be stored in objects of type boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
###(:link </string>
+ <string>:).

!!!!Usage:

The header <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-51</id>
+ <id>-7</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
###(:link </string>
+ <string>:)> provides a declaration of the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-39</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
###(:link </string>
+ <string>:) template, which is sufficient for the purpose of typedefing an instance for specific Tag and T, for example:

[@#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-28</id>
+ <id>-7</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
##Diagnostic Information
###(:link </string>
+ <string>:)>

struct tag_errno;
typedef boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-30</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
###(:link </string>
+ <string>:)<tag_errno,int> errno_info;@]

Or, the shorter equivalent:

[@#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-61</id>
+ <id>-7</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
##(:link </string>
+ <string>:)>

typedef boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-50</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
#API
##(:link </string>
+ <string>:)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;@]

This errno_info typedef can be passed to (:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-56</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string> mod="/":) (#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-44</id>
+ <id>-11</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
##(:link </string>
+ <string>:)> first) to store an int named tag_errno in exceptions of types that derive from boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
##(:link </string>
+ <string>:):

[@throw file_read_error() (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-24</id>
+ <id>-56</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
##(:link </string>
+ <string>|<<:) errno_info(errno);@]

It can also be passed to (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-41</id>
+ <id>-57</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
##(:link </string>
+ <string>:) (#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-14</id>
+ <id>-53</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)
##(:link </string>
+ <string>:)> first) to retrieve the tag_errno int from a boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-31</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="w":)
#(:link </string>
+ <string>:):

[@catch( boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-47</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="w":)
#(:link </string>
+ <string>:) & x )
 {
 if( int const * e=boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
+ <id>-57</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string> mod="w":)

!!!Acknowledgements

Thanks to Peter Dimov for his continuing help. Also thanks to Tobias Schwinger, Tom Brinkman, Pavel Vozenilek and everyone who participated in the review process.
</string>
+ <string>:)<errno_info>(x) )
 ....
 }@]
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-55</id>
+ <id>-53</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>5</size>
+ <size>1</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Description:

Returns a const reference to the copy of the value passed to (:link </string>
+ <string>(:auto !!:)

!!!Synopsis

(:include synopsis:)
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-54</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>69</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>!!Introduction

The purpose of Boost Exception is to ease the design of exception class hierarchies and to help write exception handling and error reporting code.

It supports transporting of arbitrary data to the catch site, which is otherwise tricky due to the no-throw requirements (15.5.1) for exception types. Data can be added to any exception object, either directly in the throw-expression (15.1), or at a later time as the exception object propagates up the call stack.

The ability to add data to exception objects after they have been passed to throw is important, because often some of the information needed to handle an exception is unavailable in the context where the failure is detected. 

Boost Exception also supports (:link http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2179.html|N2179:)-style (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-60</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)'s constructor stored in the (:link </string>
+ <string>|copying:) of exception objects, implemented non-intrusively and automatically by the boost::(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) object.

!!!!Throws:

Nothing.
</string>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>65</size>
+ <string>:) function.

!!Contents

#(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-15</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:auto !!:)

!!!Why doesn't boost::exception derive from std::exception?

Despite that (:link </string>
+ <string>:)
#Tutorial
##(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-43</id>
+ <id>-46</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>|virtual inheritance should be used in deriving from base exception types:), many programmers fail to follow this principle when deriving from std::exception. If boost::(:link </string>
+ <string> mod="w":)
##(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-16</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) derives from std::exception, using the (:link </string>
+ <string> mod="w":)
##(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-26</id>
+ <id>-60</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) function with such user-defined types would introduce dangerous ambiguity which would break all catch(std::exception &) statements.

Of course, boost::(:link </string>
+ <string> mod="w":)
##(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-8</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) should not be used to replace std::exception as a base type in exception type hierarchies. Instead, it should be included as a virtual base, in addition to std::exception (which should also be derived virtually.)

!!!Why is boost::exception abstract?

To prevent exception-neutral contexts from erroneously erasing the type of the original exception when adding (:link </string>
+ <string> mod="w":)
##(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-43</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) to an active exception object:

[@catch( boost::(:link </string>
+ <string> mod="w":)
##(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-29</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string> mod="w":)
#Documentation
##Class (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -8444,34 +8462,34 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) & e )
 {
 e (:link </string>
+ <string>:)
##Throwing Exceptions
###(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-56</id>
+ <id>-32</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>|<<:) foo_info(foo);
 throw e; //Compile error: boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
###(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-35</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) is abstract
 }@]

The correct code is:

[@catch( boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
##Transporting of Arbitrary Data to the Catch Site
###(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) & e )
 {
 e (:link </string>
+ <string>:)
###(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -8480,205 +8498,218 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>|<<:) foo_info(foo);
 throw; //Okay, re-throwing the original exception object.
 }@]

!!!What is the space overhead of the boost::exception base class?

The space overhead for the boost::exception data members is negligible in the context of exception handling. Throwing objects that derive from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
###(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-45</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) does not by itself cause dynamic memory allocations.

Deriving from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
###(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-57</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) enables any data to be added to exceptions, which usually does allocate memory. However, this memory is reclaimed when the exception has been handled, and since typically user code does not allocate memory during the unrolling of the stack, adding error info to exceptions should not cause memory fragmentation.

!!!Should I use boost::throw_exception or BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION or just throw?

The benefit of calling boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
###(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-26</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) instead of using throw directly is that it ensures that the emitted exception derives from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
##(:link http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2179.html|N2179:) Transporting of Exceptions between Threads
###(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-33</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) and that it is compatible with boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
###(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-34</id>
+ <id>-37</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:).

The (:link </string>
+ <string>:)
###(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-32</id>
+ <id>-34</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) macro also results in a call to boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
###(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-51</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:), but in addition it records in the exception object the __FILE__ and __LINE__ of the throw, as well as the pretty name of the function that throws. This has virtually no overhead, yet enables boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
###(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-30</id>
+ <id>-39</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) to compose a more useful, if not user-friendly message.

Typical use of boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
###(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-30</id>
+ <id>-28</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) is:

[@catch( boost::exception & e )
 {
 std::cerr << "OMG!" << boost::diagnostic_information(e);
 }
catch( ... )
 {
 std::cerr << "OMG!!!";
 }@]

This is a possible message it may display, the first line is only possible if (:link </string>
+ <string>:)
##Diagnostic Information
###(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-32</id>
+ <id>-30</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) is used:

[@example_io.cpp(83): Throw in function void parse_file(const char *)
Dynamic exception type: class file_open_error
std::exception::what: example_io error
[struct tag_errno_code *] = 2, OS says "No such file or directory"
[struct tag_file_name *] = tmp1.xml
[struct tag_function *] = fopen
[struct tag_open_mode *] = rb@]
!!!Why is boost::exception integrated in boost::throw_exception?

The boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
###(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-61</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) function predates the Boost Exception library and there has been some concern about its current behavior of injecting boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
##(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-50</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) as a base of any exception passed to boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
#API
##(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-44</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:). Such concerns are dictated by the typical strict interpretation of a common principle in C and C++, that users only pay for features they actually use.

The problem is that users of Boost Exception can't by themselves cause a library to throw types that derive from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
##(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-19</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:), and without this they can't use any of the Boost Exception facilities.

For example, if a user wants to use Boost Serialization in a separate thread, it is desirable to be able to transport exceptions emitted by that library into the main thread where they can be analyzed to generate a user-friendly message. This can be easily achieved using boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
##(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-33</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:), but this requires that Boost Serialization throws exceptions using boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
##(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-37</id>
+ <id>-41</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:). If Boost Serialization calls boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
##(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-35</id>
+ <id>-10</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) to throw, this behavior happens automatically and transparently.

The cost of this integration is:

* In terms of space: a pointer and 3 ints are added to the static size of exception objects.
* In terms of speed: the pointer is initialized to null at the point of the throw.
* In terms of coupling: about 400 self-contained lines of C++ with no external includes.

!!!Why use operator<< overload for adding info to exceptions?

Before throwing an object of type that derives from boost::(:link </string>
+ <string>:)
##(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-47</id>
+ <id>-31</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:), it is often desirable to add one or more (:link </string>
+ <string> mod="w":)
#(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
+ <id>-17</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) objects in it. The syntactic sugar provided by (:link </string>
+ <string> mod="w":)
#(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-56</id>
+ <id>-14</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:) allows this to be done directly in a throw expression:

[@throw error() (:link </string>
+ <string> mod="w":)

!!!Acknowledgements

Thanks to Peter Dimov for his continuing help. Also thanks to Tobias Schwinger, Tom Brinkman, Pavel Vozenilek and everyone who participated in the review process.
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-55</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>5</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>(:auto !!!:)

(:include synopsis:)

!!!!Description:

Returns a const reference to the copy of the value passed to (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-56</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>|<<:) foo_info(foo) (:link </string>
+ <string>:)'s constructor stored in the (:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-56</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>|<<:) bar_info(bar);@]

which saves typing compared to this possible alternative:

[@error e;
e.add(foo_info(foo));
e.add(bar_info(bar));
throw e;@]

and looks better than something like:

[@throw error().add(foo_info(foo)).add(bar_info(bar));@]
</string>
+ <string>:) object.

!!!!Throws:

Nothing.
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -8883,7 +8914,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-25</id>
+ <id>-21</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -9131,7 +9162,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-22</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9142,7 +9173,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-23</id>
+ <id>-21</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9153,7 +9184,18 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-20</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>0</size>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-23</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9476,18 +9518,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-52</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>0</size>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-53</id>
+ <id>-52</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9498,7 +9529,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-54</id>
+ <id>-53</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9509,7 +9540,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-55</id>
+ <id>-54</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9520,7 +9551,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
+ <id>-55</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9619,7 +9650,7 @@
 <container>
 <size>1</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>[@(:include api:)@]
</string>
+ <string>(:include api:)
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -9632,16 +9663,16 @@
 <container>
 <size>3</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>`#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>[@#include <</string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-15</id>
+ <id>-49</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>

[@(:include decl:)@]
</string>
+ <string>>

namespace
boost
 {
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
 }@]
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -9652,6 +9683,30 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
+ <size>1</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>[@namespace
boost
 {
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
 }@]
</string>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-8</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
+ <size>0</size>
+ </container>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-9</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <container>
 <size>3</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
 <string>[@#include <</string>
@@ -9659,18 +9714,18 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-49</id>
+ <id>-11</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>>

namespace
boost
 {
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
 }@]
</string>
+ <string>>
#include <boost/tuple/tuple.hpp>

namespace
boost
 {
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
 }@]
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-8</id>
+ <id>-10</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9681,26 +9736,35 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-9</id>
+ <id>-11</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>1</size>
+ <size>3</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>(:include api:)
</string>
+ <string>[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-49</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:)>

namespace
boost
 {
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
 }@]
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-10</id>
+ <id>-12</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
 <size>3</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>[@#include <</string>
+ <string>[@#include <(:link </string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
@@ -9709,14 +9773,14 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>>

namespace
boost
 {
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
 }@]
</string>
+ <string>:)>

namespace
boost
 {
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
 }@]
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-11</id>
+ <id>-13</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9729,7 +9793,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-12</id>
+ <id>-14</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9740,29 +9804,18 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-13</id>
+ <id>-15</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>3</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>[@#include <</string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-15</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>>
#include <boost/tuple/tuple.hpp>

namespace
boost
 {
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
 }@]
</string>
+ <size>0</size>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-14</id>
+ <id>-16</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9773,64 +9826,51 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-15</id>
+ <id>-17</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>3</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>[@#include <(:link </string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-49</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>

namespace
boost
 {
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
 }@]
</string>
+ <size>0</size>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-16</id>
+ <id>-18</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
 <size>3</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>[@#include <(:link </string>
+ <string>`#include <</string>
 <variant>1</variant>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-49</id>
+ <id>-12</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>:)>

namespace
boost
 {
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
 }@]
</string>
+ <string>>

[@namespace
boost
 {
(:include decl pre_indent="4":)
 }@]
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-17</id>
+ <id>-19</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>1</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>[@namespace
boost
 {
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
 }@]
</string>
+ <size>0</size>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-18</id>
+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9841,7 +9881,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-19</id>
+ <id>-21</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
@@ -9856,18 +9896,9 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>3</size>
- <variant>2</variant>
- <string>`#include <</string>
- <variant>1</variant>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-16</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
+ <size>1</size>
 <variant>2</variant>
- <string>>

[@namespace
boost
 {
(:include decl pre_indent="4":)
 }@]
</string>
+ <string>[@(:include api:)@]
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -9878,18 +9909,18 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>0</size>
- </container>
- </pair>
- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
- <expired>0</expired>
- <shared_ptr>
- <id>-20</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- </weak_ptr>
- <container>
- <size>0</size>
+ <size>3</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>`#include <(:link </string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-11</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>:)>

[@(:include decl:)@]
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -9900,7 +9931,18 @@
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <container>
- <size>0</size>
+ <size>3</size>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>[@#include <</string>
+ <variant>1</variant>
+ <weak_ptr>
+ <expired>0</expired>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-49</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </weak_ptr>
+ <variant>2</variant>
+ <string>>

namespace
boost
 {
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
 }@]
</string>
 </container>
 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -9929,7 +9971,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-7</id>
+ <id>-24</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -9962,7 +10004,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-16</id>
+ <id>-12</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -10028,7 +10070,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-9</id>
+ <id>-5</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -10050,7 +10092,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-16</id>
+ <id>-12</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -10072,7 +10114,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-16</id>
+ <id>-12</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -10094,7 +10136,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-9</id>
+ <id>-5</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -10127,7 +10169,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-10</id>
+ <id>-6</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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@@ -10160,7 +10202,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-16</id>
+ <id>-12</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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@@ -10204,7 +10246,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-15</id>
+ <id>-11</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -10248,7 +10290,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-13</id>
+ <id>-9</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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@@ -10336,7 +10378,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-17</id>
+ <id>-13</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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@@ -10358,7 +10400,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-16</id>
+ <id>-12</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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@@ -10380,7 +10422,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-15</id>
+ <id>-11</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -10426,7 +10468,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-15</id>
+ <id>-11</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -10437,17 +10479,6 @@
 <weak_ptr>
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- </shared_ptr>
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- <container>
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- <pair>
- <weak_ptr>
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- <shared_ptr>
 <id>-56</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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@@ -10459,7 +10490,7 @@
 <weak_ptr>
 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-15</id>
+ <id>-11</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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 <variant>2</variant>
@@ -10609,13 +10640,16 @@
 <id>-19</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 <shared_ptr>
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+ <id>-20</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 <shared_ptr>
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+ <id>-21</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-20</id>
+ <id>-22</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
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 </shared_ptr>
 <shared_ptr>
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@@ -10714,9 +10748,6 @@
 <id>-55</id>
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 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-21</id>
- </shared_ptr>
- <shared_ptr>
 <id>-56</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 <shared_ptr>
@@ -10753,7 +10784,41 @@
 </path>
 </file>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-54</id>
+ <id>-54</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <hook>
+ <stream_hook_path>
+ <container>
+ <size>0</size>
+ </container>
+ </stream_hook_path>
+ </hook>
+ <file>
+ <path>
+ <empty>1</empty>
+ </path>
+ </file>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-60</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <hook>
+ <stream_hook_path>
+ <container>
+ <size>0</size>
+ </container>
+ </stream_hook_path>
+ </hook>
+ <file>
+ <path>
+ <empty>1</empty>
+ </path>
+ </file>
+ <shared_ptr>
+ <id>-46</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </pair>
 <pair>
@@ -10770,7 +10835,7 @@
 </path>
 </file>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-60</id>
+ <id>-14</id>
 </shared_ptr>
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 <pair>
@@ -10787,7 +10852,7 @@
 </path>
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 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-46</id>
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 <pair>
@@ -10804,7 +10869,7 @@
 </path>
 </file>
 <shared_ptr>
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@@ -10821,7 +10886,7 @@
 </path>
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 <shared_ptr>
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 <pair>
@@ -10838,7 +10903,7 @@
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 <shared_ptr>
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 <pair>
@@ -10855,7 +10920,7 @@
 </path>
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 <shared_ptr>
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 </path>
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 <shared_ptr>
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 </path>
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 <shared_ptr>
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 <pair>
@@ -10957,41 +11022,139 @@
 </path>
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 </shared_ptr>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <hook>
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 <container>
- <size>0</size>
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+ 95AD55ACCB1C17C1DBA4C309BDFCBD4B66E52CD9A2F54FDAD2D642A00342D001
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 </container>
 </stream_hook_path>
 </hook>
 <file>
 <path>
- <empty>1</empty>
+ <empty>0</empty>
+ <string>../../../../boost/exception/diagnostic_information.hpp</string>
+ <type>0</type>
+ <base>0</base>
 </path>
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 <shared_ptr>
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 </shared_ptr>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <hook>
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 <container>
- <size>0</size>
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+ 21E8093D2AF6946EAE135823066EF38B9DC8870432B44C81E585FF63A72F9903
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 <file>
 <path>
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+ <string>../../../../boost/exception_ptr.hpp</string>
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 </path>
 </file>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-44</id>
+ <id>-12</id>
+ </shared_ptr>
+ </pair>
+ <pair>
+ <hook>
+ <stream_hook_path>
+ <container>
+ <size>2</size>
+ CEB9022E39DA32E612158FF553D383E13D300D1202CEB754E28B716040EFC414
+ <weak>1114955626</weak>
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+ <weak>1414247481</weak>
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+ <file>
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+ <string>../../../../boost/exception_ptr.hpp</string>
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+ <shared_ptr>
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+ <stream_hook_path>
+ <container>
+ <size>2</size>
+ CEB9022E39DA32E612158FF553D383E13D300D1202CEB754E28B716040EFC414
+ <weak>1114955626</weak>
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@@ -10999,13 +11162,13 @@
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 <position>26</position>
 </container>
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@@ -11013,13 +11176,69 @@
 <file>
 <path>
 <empty>0</empty>
- <string>../../../../boost/exception/diagnostic_information.hpp</string>
+ <string>../../../../boost/exception_ptr.hpp</string>
 <type>0</type>
 <base>0</base>
 </path>
 </file>
 <shared_ptr>
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+ <id>-18</id>
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 <expired>0</expired>
 <shared_ptr>
- <id>-25</id>
+ <id>-24</id>
 </shared_ptr>
 </weak_ptr>
- <string>noindex tutorial</string>
+ <string>error_info</string>
 </pair>
 <pair>
 <weak_ptr>

Modified: trunk/libs/exception/test/cloning_test.cpp
==============================================================================
--- trunk/libs/exception/test/cloning_test.cpp (original)
+++ trunk/libs/exception/test/cloning_test.cpp 2009-05-15 18:34:30 EDT (Fri, 15 May 2009)
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
struct my_tag {};
#endif

+typedef boost::error_info<struct nested_exception_tag,boost::exception_ptr> nested_exception;
+
typedef boost::error_info<struct my_tag,int> my_info;

template <class T>
@@ -69,6 +71,17 @@
 std::exception,
 boost::exception
 {
+ char const * const wh_;
+
+ derives_std_boost_exception( char const * wh="derives_std_boost_exception" ):
+ wh_(wh)
+ {
+ }
+
+ char const * what() const throw()
+ {
+ return wh_;
+ }
 };

struct
@@ -530,5 +543,30 @@
 test_throw_on_copy<std::bad_alloc,std::bad_alloc>();
 test_throw_on_copy<int,std::bad_exception>();

+ try
+ {
+ throw boost::enable_current_exception(derives_std_boost_exception("what1"));
+ }
+ catch(
+ ... )
+ {
+ boost::exception_ptr p=boost::current_exception();
+ {
+ std::string s=diagnostic_information(p);
+ BOOST_TEST(s.find("what1")!=s.npos);
+ }
+ try
+ {
+ throw boost::enable_current_exception(derives_std_boost_exception("what2") << nested_exception(p) );
+ }
+ catch(
+ ... )
+ {
+ std::string s=boost::current_exception_diagnostic_information();
+ BOOST_TEST(s.find("what1")!=s.npos);
+ BOOST_TEST(s.find("what2")!=s.npos);
+ }
+ }
+ BOOST_TEST(!diagnostic_information(boost::exception_ptr()).empty());
 return boost::report_errors();
 }

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